2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-159146
    PPARα agonist 4
    		Inhibitor
    PPARα agonist 4 (compound BH400) is a PPARα agonist (EC50= 1.2 μM). PPARα agonist 4 also inhibits STING (IC50: 8.1 μM). PPARα agonist 4 reduces the CoCl2-induced production of ROS and LPS-induced secretion of IL-6. The PPARα agonist 4 restores the decreased expression of PCG1α induced by LPS.
    PPARα agonist 4
  • HY-W040298R
    Ciprofloxacin lactate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (lactate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (lactate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) lactate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin lactate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin lactate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin lactate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[4].
    Ciprofloxacin lactate (Standard)
  • HY-B0093AR
    Benazepril hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benazepril hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benazepril hydrochloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benazepril hydrochloride is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to reduce angiotensin-II production. Benazepril hydrochloride inhibits oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, Benazepril hydrochloride improves diabetic nephropathy and decreases proteinuria. Benazepril hydrochloride can be used in the study of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy.
    Benazepril hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N0872R
    Isosteviol (Standard)
    Isosteviol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isosteviol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol) is a derivative of Stevioside through acid catalyzed hydrolysis of Stevioside. Isosteviol inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase and has antibacterial, anticancer and anti-tuberculosis effects.
    Isosteviol (Standard)
  • HY-A0129R
    Histamine phosphate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Histamine (phosphate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Histamine (phosphate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Histamine phosphate is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine phosphate affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Histamine phosphate (Standard)
  • HY-176738
    Antitumor agent-204
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-204 (compound 15a) is a potent antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-204 shows cytotoxicity. Antitumor agent-204 induces nitric oxide (NO) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Antitumor agent-204 induces apoptosis and induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-204 shows antitumor activity.
    Antitumor agent-204
  • HY-162142
    BB2-50F
    		Activator 99.52%
    BB2-50F, a potent M. tuberculosis inhibitor, is a succinate dehydrogenase and F1Fo-ATP synthase inhibitor. BB2-50F rapidly sterilizes both replicating and non-replicating cultures of M. tuberculosis. BB2-50F inhibits succinate oxidation, decreases the activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and results in succinate secretion from M. tuberculosis. BB2-50F induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in M. tuberculosis.
    BB2-50F
  • HY-P2005
    Malformin C
    		Activator
    Malformin C is an algicidal peptide can be isolated from Aspergillus and exhibits dose-dependent algicidal activity. Malformin C induces a significant increase in ROS levels in algal cells, resulting in impaired SOD activity and high production of MDA content.
    Malformin C
  • HY-172942
    SP11
    		Inhibitor
    SP11 is a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. SP11 activates Fis1 by binding to Cys41 (IC50: 9.4 µM) and increases the translocation of Drp1 to mitochondria. SP11 can be used in studies on the protection against oxidative stress damage.
    SP11
  • HY-163879
    hMAO-B-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    hMAO-B-IN-9 (Compound 25c) is a non-competitive inhibitor for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with an IC50 of 1.58 µM (hMAO-B). hMAO-B-IN-9 forms complex with iron ions as a chelator, and inhibits Erastin (HY-15763)-induced ferroptosis. hMAO-B-IN-9 exhibits antioxidant activity by downregulating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). hMAO-B-IN-9 improves cognitive function in mice, without significant toxicity (30 mg/kg). hMAO-B-IN-9 is blood-brain barrier permeable, according to the in silico prediction.
    hMAO-B-IN-9
  • HY-172133
    HDAC3-IN-6
    		Activator
    HDAC3-IN-6 (Compound SC26) is a selective HDAC3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 53 nM. HDAC3-IN-6 dose-dependently induces the expression of PD-L1. HDAC3-IN-6 induces more pronounced Apoptosis and production of ROS. HDAC3-IN-6 exhibits high antitumor efficacy against colorectal cancer.
    HDAC3-IN-6
  • HY-W392413
    Glutathione monoethyl ester
    		Inhibitor
    Glutathione monoethyl ester is a glutathione derivative that can protect motor neuron cells NSC-34 from pathology damage caused by mutations in TDP-43, including reducing aggregation formation, nuclear clearance, reactive oxygen species generation, and cell death.
    Glutathione monoethyl ester
  • HY-163301
    Antitumor agent-139
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-139 (compound 9b) is a liver - and mitochondria-targeting gold(I) complexe, and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitates DNA excretion. Antitumor agent-139 inhibits tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Antitumor agent-139
  • HY-N0232R
    Psoralidin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Psoralidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Psoralidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation.
    Psoralidin (Standard)
  • HY-157292
    2E-3-F16
    2E-3-F16 is a anticancer agent. 2E-3-F16 exhibits tumor cell selectivity between NCI-H446 cancer cells and HBE cells. 2E-3-F16 enhances the sensitivity of A549 cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394).
    2E-3-F16
  • HY-151431
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 (compound 13m), difluoro-substituted derivative, is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 activator. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 has neuroprotective and antioxidant effects through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway mediated by phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, or Akt in PC12 cells. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 can be used in the research of Parkinson's disease (PD).
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2
  • HY-B0356R
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
  • HY-170313
    GLUT-1-IN-4
    		Inducer
    GLUT-1-IN-4 (Compound 13) is the p53 protein-dependent inhibitor for GLUT-1 glucose transporter. GLUT-1-IN-4 inhibits the proliferation of multiple cancer cells with IC50 in submicromolar levels. GLUT-1-IN-4 arrests the cell cycle, stimulates oxidative stress, and induces apoptosis.
    GLUT-1-IN-4
  • HY-P5318
    MDYYFEER
    		Inhibitor
    MDYYFEER is an antioxidant active peptide that can be isolated from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin. MDYYFEER has high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. MDYYFEER protects zebrafish larvae from H2O2-induced oxidative damage.
    MDYYFEER
  • HY-113298R
    Citraconic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Citraconic acid (Methylmaleic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citraconic acid (HY-113298). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citraconic acid is an orally active inhibitor targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Citraconic acid reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Citraconic acid also modifies the conformation of Keap1 protein, relieves its inhibition of Nrf2, promotes antioxidant gene expression, and inhibits NLRP3 activation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. Citraconic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can reduce oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis, improve tissue damage, and can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Citraconic acid is an isomer of Itaconic acid (HY-Y052).
    Citraconic acid (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity