2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0464A
    Hydralazine
    		Inhibitor
    Hydralazine is a orally active antihypertensive agent, reduces peripheral resistance directly by relaxing the smooth muscle cell layer in arterial vessel. Hydralazine has antioxidant activity, as well as inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and O2·- generation with an IC50 value of 9.53 mM and 1.19 mM, respectively.
    Hydralazine
  • HY-B0215S1
    Acetylcysteine-15N
    		Inhibitor
    Acetylcysteine-15N (N-Acetylcysteine-15N) is the 15N-labeled Acetylcysteine. Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) is a mucolytic agent which reduces the thickness of the mucus. Acetylcysteine is a ROS inhibitor. Acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor, prevents hemin-induced ferroptosis by neutralizing toxic lipids generated by arachidonate-dependent activity of 5-lipoxygenases. Acetylcysteine induces cell apoptosis. Acetylcysteine also has anti-influenza virus activities. In addition, Acetylcysteine is the most stable form of cysteine during drug delivery and can be used in disulfidptosis studies.
    Acetylcysteine-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-161647
    Antitumor agent-156
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-156 (Compound 20) causes DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, promotes reactive oxygen species generation, activates endoplasmic reticulum stress, and induce apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis. Antitumor agent-156 shows superior antitumor activity against cancer cells including Cisplatin (HY-17394) resistance cells. Antitumor agent-156 displayS good liver-targeting ability.
    Antitumor agent-156
  • HY-163470
    Luciferase activator-1
    		Activator
    Luciferase activator-1 (Compound D2) is an activator for luciferase, which increases the luciferase activity up 1.04 fold (at the concentration of 50 nM).
    Luciferase activator-1
  • HY-W745979
    Sulcotrione-d7
    Sulcotrione-d7 is the deuterium labeled Sulcotrione (HY-107368). Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).
    Sulcotrione-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-122006
    NPD926
    		Activator
    NPD926 is a small molecule that targets glutathione and induces cancer cell death. The Xc- system and glutathione are therapeutic targets in cancer. NPD926 causes cellular glutathione depletion and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby sensitizing fibroblasts to Xc- system inhibitors. NPD926 is a ROS inducer with anticancer activity..
    NPD926
  • HY-W758421
    Diquat-d8(dibromide)
    Diquat-d8 dibromide is a deuterium labeled Diquat dibromide (HY-122984). Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds.
    Diquat-d<sub>8</sub>(dibromide)
  • HY-B0691
    Ecabet
    		Inhibitor
    Ecabet sodium (TA-2711) is currently applied to some clinical gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the ROS production and improving Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ecabet sodium reduces apoptosis
    Ecabet
  • HY-N0701R
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard)
    		Activator
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Asarinin (HY-N0701). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Asarinin is a tetrahydrofurofurano lignan with various biological activities. (-)-Asarinin induces apoptosis in cancer cells. (-)-Asarinin promotes mitochondrial ROS accumulation, inhibits the STAT3 signaling pathway and induces apoptosis in precancerous cells. (-)-Asarinin is a Src family kinase inhibitor that suppresses mast cell activation. (-)-Asarinin is a non-competitive Δ5-desaturase inhibitor with a Ki of 0.28 mM. (-)-Asarinin possesses pain relief, anti-viral, anti-allergic and anti-tuberculous bacilli, and anti-tumor effects.
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard)
  • HY-159966
    Top/HDAC-IN-3
    Top/HDAC-IN-3 (Compound 31) is an orally active dual inhibitor of Topoisomerase and HDAC. Top/HDAC-IN-3 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to DNA damage, thereby inhibiting cancer cell colony formation and migration, inducing cancer cell Apoptosis, and causing cell cycle arrest. In the NSCLC model, Top/HDAC-IN-3 exhibited significant antitumor effects, with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 77.5% at 100 mg/kg, surpassing the efficacy of the HDAC inhibitor SAHA (HY-10221) and the combination of SAHA (HY-10221) with the topoisomerase inhibitor Irinotecan (HY-16562).
    Top/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-168011
    GPX4-IN-14
    		Activator
    GPX4-IN-14 (compound 2c) is an inhibitor of GPX4, with free radical scavenging activity (maximum scavenging rate is 72.52%) and anti-tumor proliferation activity in vitro. GPX4-IN-14 inhibits GPX4 protein, increases lipid peroxide levels and intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, thereby inducing ferroptosis and exerting anti-tumor proliferation effects.
    GPX4-IN-14
  • HY-116920
    Alyssin
    		Activator
    Alyssin, found in Cruciferous Vegetables, exerts anticancer activity in HepG2 by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and tubulin depolymerization.
    Alyssin
  • HY-B1245R
    Salsalate (Standard)
    Salsalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salsalate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salsalate, a non-acetylated salicylate, is an effective antirheumatic agent that bypasses gastric absorption and also avoids cyclooxygenase inhibition. Salsalate has anti-inflammatory activity and reduces glucose levels, insulin resistance, and cytokine expression. Salsalate can be used in the research of type 2 diabetes.
    Salsalate (Standard)
  • HY-W778335
    Dimethyl phthalate-13C2
    Dimethyl Phthalate-13C2 (DMP-13C2) is the 13C-labeled Dimethyl phthalate (HY-N7106). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-162451
    Antibacterial agent 207
    		Inducer
    Antibacterial agent 207 (Compound Ru1) has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 1 μg/mL), and low resistance frequencies. Antibacterial agent 207 destroys the bacterial cell membrane, promote production of ROS in bacteria.
    Antibacterial agent 207
  • HY-W777084
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-13C3
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-13C3 ((E)-O-Methylferulic acid-13C3) is the 13C-labeled (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (HY-N1778A). (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic effects.
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-146516
    Anticancer agent 42
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 42 (compound 10d) is an orally active anticancer agent, and shows a potent antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cell with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. Anticancer agent 42 can exert its anticancer activity by activating apoptotic pathway and p53 expression. Anticancer agent 42 can be used to study metastatic breast cancer.
    Anticancer agent 42
  • HY-44178S
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d9 is the deuterium labeled Diethyl butylmalonate (HY-44178). Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC50-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-N11948
    Simmondsin
    		Inhibitor
    Simmondsin, derived from the jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis), has been shown to decrease food intake and body weight in rats without any noticeable adverse effects.
    Simmondsin
  • HY-173221
    MJ210
    		Inhibitor
    MJ210 is a modulator of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways with oral activity and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and it exhibits neuroprotective activity. In vitro, 5 μM of MJ210 can increase the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells treated with Rotenone (HY-B1756) to 81.9% and reduce the level of ROS, etc. In vivo, 5 mg/kg of MJ210 can improve the motor impairment in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. MJ210 can be used in the research of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease.
    MJ210
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity