2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2192
    Swertianolin
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Swertianolin is a xanthone glycoside. Swertianolin can be isolated from plants of the Gentianaceae family (e.g., Gentiana campestris and Swertia punicea). Swertianolin inhibits p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, and reduces NO and ROS production. Swertianolin exhibits anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with an IC50 of 6.1 μM and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 91.7 μM. Swertianolin modulates immune function in sepsis. Swertianolin is useful in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori infection, and sepsis.
    Swertianolin
  • HY-107355
    Letosteine
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    Letosteine is an orally active, potent and safe expectorant. Letosteine has the effect of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Letosteine dissolves bronchial mucus and reduces respiratory inflammation symptoms, and restores gas exchanges and natural defense mechanisms in the lung. Letosteine can be used for acute or chronic respiratory diseases (such as bronchopneumopathies) research.
    Letosteine
  • HY-B0356R
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
  • HY-W010201R
    Citronellol (Standard)
    		Activator
    Citronellol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citronellol. Citronellol (Standard) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol (Standard) can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol (Standard) can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol (Standard) can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol (Standard) exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.
    Citronellol (Standard)
  • HY-116364
    AZT triphosphate
    		Activator
    AZT triphosphate (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate) is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate exhibits antiretroviral activity and inhibits replication of HIV. AZT triphosphate also inhibits the DNA polymerase of HBV. AZT triphosphate activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.
    AZT triphosphate
  • HY-136426
    Trifludimoxazin
    		Activator 98.76%
    Trifludimoxazin is a click chemistry reagent, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, and herbicide. Trifludimoxazin inhibits PPO, accumulates ROS, and damages cell membranes, leading to weed death. Trifludimoxazin exhibits high activity in controlling broadleaf weeds and grass weeds.
    Trifludimoxazin
  • HY-N2620
    Rutaevin
    		Inhibitor 98.74%
    Rutaevin is isolated from the fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa. Rutaevin inhibits NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.
    Rutaevin
  • HY-W099479R
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Insect repellent M 3535. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Insect repellent M 3535 (Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate; IR-3535) is a novel potent anthelmintic that is toxic to zebrafish with a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 140 mg/L at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). Insect repellent M 3535 causes morphological abnormalities and cardiac defects in early embryonic development of zebrafish by potentially inducing the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (Reactive Oxygen Species) and activating oxidative stress responses, thereby activating the endogenous apoptosis pathway.
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Standard)
  • HY-N1306
    Sideroxylin
    		Activator
    Sideroxylin is a C-methylated flavone isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus and exerts antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Sideroxylin inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, causing DNA fragmentation, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Sideroxylin
  • HY-N10183
    Crocin-4
    		Inhibitor
    Crocin-4, a carotenoid constituent of saffron, is a potent and brain-penetrant antioxidant agent. Crocin-4 can inhibit the aggregation and the concomitant deposition of Aβ fibrils in the brain. Crocin-4 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease. Crocin-4 also exhibits antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Crocin-4
  • HY-116364A
    AZT triphosphate TEA
    		Activator
    AZT triphosphate (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate) TEA is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate TEA exhibits antiretroviral activity and inhibits replication of HIV. AZT triphosphate TEA also inhibits the DNA polymerase of HBV. AZT triphosphate TEA activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.
    AZT triphosphate TEA
  • HY-N1904
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
    		Inhibitor 98.22%
    4′-Hydroxywogonin (8-Methoxyapigenin), a flavonoid, could be isolated from a variety of plants including Scutellaria barbata and Verbena littoralis. 4′-Hydroxywogonin has anti-inflammatory activity via TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3/AKT signaling pathways. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits angiogenesis by disrupting PI3K/AKT signaling. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
  • HY-124481
    Oleocanthal
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Oleocanthal is an orally active phenolic seciridoid compound. Oleocanthal can be extracted from olive oil. Oleocanthal inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, reduces ROS and NO, and upregulates Nrf-2 and HO-1. Oleocanthal reduces Aβ deposition. Oleocanthal exhibits anti-Leishmania activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major, with IC50 values of 18.7 and 87 μg/mL, respectively. Oleocanthal exhibits anticancer activity against colon, breast, liver, and melanoma cancers. Oleocanthal also exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Oleocanthal can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.
    Oleocanthal
  • HY-N3096
    Penduletin
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Penduletin is a flavone, that can be isolated from Brickelia pendula and Vitex negundo. Penduletin shows anticancer activity. Penduletin induces apoptosis in the cancer cells through ROS generation.
    Penduletin
  • HY-W067572
    Stobadine
    		Inhibitor 99.43%
    Stobadine is a potent antioxidant and prevents free radical induced alterations in ER membrane fluidity. Stobadine can be used for effective cardio- and neuroprotectants development based on antioxidant or free radical scavenging mechanisms of action.
    Stobadine
  • HY-161475
    Luciferase-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    Luciferase-IN-4 (Compound 6b) is an inhibitor for luciferase with IC50 of 4.1 μM. Luciferase-IN-4 inhibits purified luciferase in P. pyralis with IC50 of 2.0 μM.
    Luciferase-IN-4
  • HY-W001187S
    Tempo-d18
    		≥99.90%
    Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo. Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects.
    Tempo-d<sub>18</sub>
  • HY-D1156
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture)
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) is a O2 fluorescent probe for mitochondria-targeting (Ex/Em=509/534nm; green), exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2 over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells.
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture)
  • HY-B0987R
    Ascorbyl palmitate (Standard)
    Ascorbyl palmitate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ascorbyl palmitate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating an vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive.
    Ascorbyl palmitate (Standard)
  • HY-175713
    Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1 is a Tubulin/CDC5L dual inhibitor. Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1 targets to CDCL5 with a KD of 103.7 μM. Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1 can inhibit multiple cancer cell proliferation and induce G2/M phase arrest. Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1 induce cell apoptosis and ROS production. Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1 exhibits antiangiogenic effects. Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, such as colon carcinoma.
    Tubulin/CDC5L-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity