2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-111806
    3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone (5-Deoxykampferol) is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from the stems of Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana. 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone has the effect of cleaving DNA in the presence of copper ions. 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and can scavenge various reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
    3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone
  • HY-B0093
    Benazepril
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Benazepril (CGS14824A free base) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to reduce angiotensin-II production. Benazepril inhibits oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Benazepril improves diabetic nephropathy and decreases proteinuria. Benazepril can be used in the study of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy.
    Benazepril
  • HY-B2188
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine
    		≥98.0%
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine is a natural product that acts as a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), with antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity activities.
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine
  • HY-N6850
    Calenduloside E
    		99.07%
    Calenduloside E is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin that can be extracted from the bark and roots of Aralia ovata, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Calenduloside E alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization, improves mitochondrial function by regulating the AMPK-SIRT3 pathway, and alleviates acute liver injury. In addition, Calenduloside E promotes the interaction between L-type calcium channels and Bcl-2 related apoptosis genes, inhibits calcium overload, and alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Calenduloside E also improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating heat shock-dependent pathways, and inhibits ROS mediated JAK1-STAT3 pathways to reduce cellular inflammatory responses.
    Calenduloside E
  • HY-N0911
    Rehmannioside A
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Rehmannioside A is a compound that can be isolated from Rehmanniae radix. Rehmannioside A is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, 2C9 and 2D6, with IC50 values of 10.08, 12.62 and 16.43 μM, respectively. Rehmannioside A has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-ferroptosis, cognitive improvement and neuroprotective activities. Rehmannioside A can be used for the research of nervous system and inflammation-related diseases.
    Rehmannioside A
  • HY-139369
    QD394
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    QD394 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that can induce lipid peroxidation, increase intracellular ROS accumulation, inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, and induce ferroptosis.
    QD394
  • HY-W229874
    EN106
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    EN106 is a potent inhibitor of FEMIB. EN106 is a cysteine-reactive covalent ligand. EN106 disrupts recognition of the key reductive stress substrate of FEM1B, FNIP1. EN106 reduces oxidative stress and rescues high glucose-induced impaired angiogenesis in HUVECs.
    EN106
  • HY-B0314
    Talc
    		Inducer
    Talc, a naturally occurring mineral composed primarily of magnesium, silicon and oxygen, is used in many cosmetics, from baby powder to blush.
    Talc
  • HY-160099
    20-5,14-HEDE
    		Inducer 98.34%
    20-5,14-HEDE (WIT003) is an analog of 20-HETE. 20-5,14-HEDE activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby exhibiting anti-apoptotic and cell survival promoting effects. 20-5,14-HEDE is the agonist for 20-HETE that increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, thereby enhancing vasoconstriction.
    20-5,14-HEDE
  • HY-N0501
    11-oxo-mogroside V
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2 and *OH) with EC50 of 4.79, 16.52, and 146.17 μg/mL, respectively.
    11-oxo-mogroside V
  • HY-116506
    Bigelovin
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula hupehensis, is a selective retinoid X receptor α agonist. Bigelovin suppresses tumor growth through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inhibition of mTOR pathway regulated by ROS generation.
    Bigelovin
  • HY-N0523S
    Gallic acid-d2
    		99.59%
    Gallic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Gallic acid. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-13413
    Tofogliflozin hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.48%
    Tofogliflozin hydrate (CSG-452 hydrate) is a potent and highly specific sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.9 nM and Ki values of 2.9 nM, 14.9 nM, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2. Tofogliflozin partially inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxyen species (ROS) generation in tubular cells.
    Tofogliflozin hydrate
  • HY-119687
    Bifenazate
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm. Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor. Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III.
    Bifenazate
  • HY-N0487
    Glucosamine sulfate
    		≥98.0%
    Glucosamine sulfate (D-Glucosamine sulfate) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine sulfate also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine sulfate
  • HY-N2454
    β-Elemonic acid
    		Activator 99.77%
    β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid
  • HY-B0988R
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deferoxamine (mesylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferoxamine (mesylate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferoxamine mesylate (Deferoxamine B mesylate) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine mesylate upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine mesylate also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine mesylate can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
  • HY-123630
    Allura Red AC
    		Inducer 98.01%
    Allura Red AC is a food colorant, appearing as a deep red water-soluble powder or granules, used in various applications such as beverages, syrups, candies, and cereals. Allura Red AC can statically quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA. Additionally, Allura Red AC is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway-associated pro-inflammatory agent, capable of exacerbating experimental colitis. Allura Red AC holds potential for research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal barrier function, and food additive safety.
    Allura Red AC
  • HY-N0894
    Octahydrocurcumin
    		99.25%
    Octahydrocurcumin is a hydrogenated derivatives of curcumin; metabolite of curcumin.
    Octahydrocurcumin
  • HY-130237
    Cinnamtannin B-1
    		Inhibitor 99.16%
    Cinnamtannin B-1 is a anthocyanidin. Cinnamtannin B-1 inhibits the osteoclast formation by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathway and ROS generation. Cinnamtannin B-1 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Cinnamtannin B-1 is orally active.
    Cinnamtannin B-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity