1. Signaling Pathways
  2. GPCR/G Protein
  3. Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)

Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)

Thrombin receptors

Protease activated receptors (PARs) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are irreversibly activated by proteolytic cleavage of the N terminus, which unmasks a tethered peptide ligand that binds and activates the transmembrane receptor domain, eliciting a cellular cascade in response to inflammatory signals and other stimuli. There are four members of the PAR family: PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4. PARs have important functions in the vasculature, inflammation, and cancer and are important drug targets.

PARs are expressed on nearly all cell types in the blood vessel wall (ECs, fibroblasts, myocytes) and blood (platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, leukemic white cells) with exception of red blood cells. Thrombin-activated PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4 are also expressed in epithelium, neurons, astrocytes, and immune cells. PAR-2, which is activated by trypsin-like serine proteases, is found in human vascular, intestinal, neuronal, and airway cells. Its expression increases in injured tissues or after stimulation by inflammatory mediators.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-129047
    Trypsin
    Activator
    Trypsin is a serine protease enzyme, and hydrolyzes proteins at the carboxyl side of the Lysine or Arginine. Trypsin activates PAR2 and PAR4. Trypsin induces cell-to-cell membrane fusion in PDCoV infection by the interaction of S glycoprotein of PDCoV and pAPN. Trypsin also promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. Trypsin can be used in the research of wound healing and neurogenic inflammation.
    Trypsin
  • HY-P0078
    TRAP-6
    Agonist 99.84%
    TRAP-6 (PAR-1 agonist peptide), a peptide fragment, is a selective protease activating receptor 1 (PAR1) agonist. TRAP-6 activates human platelets via the thrombin receptor. TRAP-6 shows no activity at PAR4.
    TRAP-6
  • HY-10119
    Vorapaxar
    Antagonist 99.85%
    Vorapaxar (SCH 530348), an antiplatelet agent, is a selective, orally active, and competitive thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) antagonist (Ki=8.1 nM). Vorapaxar (SCH 530348) inhibits thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner.
    Vorapaxar
  • HY-112558
    AZ3451
    Antagonist 99.84%
    AZ3451 is a potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) antagonist with IC50 of 23 nM.
    AZ3451
  • HY-P1308
    SLIGRL-NH2
    Agonist 99.98%
    SLIGRL-NH2 (Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Activating Peptide) is an agonist of Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2).
    SLIGRL-NH2
  • HY-P5875A
    P4pal10 TFA
    Antagonist 98.25%
    P4pal10 TFA is the TFA salt form of P4pal10 (HY-P5875). P4pal10 TFA is an antagonist for protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4). P4pal10 TFA inhibits the platelet aggregation, inhibits tissue factor (TF)-induced thrombin generation, and exhibits anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. P4pal10 TFA reduces the oedema and the granulocyte infiltration induced by Carrageenan (HY-125474). P4pal10 TFA ameliorates the injury in rats myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models.
    P4pal10 TFA
  • HY-159632
    PAR4 antagonist 6
    Antagonist
    PAR4 antagonist 6 (Compound 12) is a PAR4 antagonist, with IC50 values of 134 and 401 nM for hPAR4 (PAC1) and mPAR4 (PAC1), respectively.
    PAR4 antagonist 6
  • HY-P10577
    RAG8 peptide
    Antagonist
    RAG8 peptide is an antagonist for protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR 4), which inhibits late-stage platelet activation, and reduces thrombosis without altering hemostasis or increasing bleeding risk. RAG8 peptide can be used for atherosclerosis research.
    RAG8 peptide
  • HY-P1314
    2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide
    Agonist 99.87%
    2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide is a potent and selective proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist with a pD2 value of 7.0..
    2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide
  • HY-19837
    BMS-986120
    Antagonist 98.54%
    BMS-986120 is a first-in-class oral and reversible protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) antagonist, with IC50s of 9.5 nM and 2.1 nM in human and monkey blood, respectively. BMS-986120 has potent and selective antiplatelet effects.
    BMS-986120
  • HY-P1309A
    PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide TFA
    Agonist 99.70%
    PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide TFA (PAR-4-AP TFA; AY-NH2 TFA) is a proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) agonist, which has no effect on either PAR-1 or PAR-2 and whose effects are blocked by a PAR-4 antagonist.
    PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide TFA
  • HY-14993
    SCH79797
    Antagonist 99.74%
    SCH79797 is a highly potent, selective nonpeptide protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist. SCH79797 inhibits binding of a high-affinity thrombin receptor-activating peptide to PAR1 with an IC50 of 70 nM and a Ki of 35 nM. SCH79797 inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 3 μM. SCH79797 has antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, and limits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts. SCH79797 also potently prevents PAR1 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and astrocytes.
    SCH79797
  • HY-P0283
    Protease-Activated Receptor-2, amide
    Agonist 98.73%
    Protease-Activated Receptor-2, amide (SLIGKV-NH2) is a highly potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activating peptide.
    Protease-Activated Receptor-2, amide
  • HY-123617
    AZ8838
    Antagonist 98.87%
    AZ8838 is a potent, competitive, allosteric, orally active non-peptide small molecule antagonist of PAR2 with a pKi of 6.4 for hPAR2.
    AZ8838
  • HY-120261
    GB-88
    Inhibitor 99.05%
    GB-88 is an oral, selective non-peptide antagonist of PAR2, inhibits PAR2 activated Ca2+ release with an IC50 of 2 μM.
    GB-88
  • HY-120528A
    GB-110 hydrochloride
    Agonist 99.86%
    GB-110 hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, and nonpeptidic protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist. GB-110 hydrochloride selectively induces PAR2-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release in HT29 cells with an EC50 of 0.28 μM.
    GB-110 hydrochloride
  • HY-P1309
    PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide
    Agonist 99.48%
    PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide (PAR-4-AP; AY-NH2) is a proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) agonist, which has no effect on either PAR-1 or PAR-2 and whose effects are blocked by a PAR-4 antagonist.
    PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide
  • HY-10119A
    Vorapaxar sulfate
    Antagonist 99.81%
    Vorapaxar sulfate (SCH 530348 sulfate), an antiplatelet agent, is a selective, orally active, and competitive thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) antagonist (Ki=8.1 nM). Vorapaxar sulfate inhibits thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner.
    Vorapaxar sulfate
  • HY-13965
    Parmodulin 2
    Inhibitor 99.82%
    Parmodulin 2 (ML161) is an allosteric inhibitor of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) with an IC50 of 0.26 μM. Parmodulin 2 is a potent and non-competitive inhibitor of SFLLRN-induced P-selectin expression leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro and platelet thrombus formation in vivo.
    Parmodulin 2
  • HY-107146
    PZ-128
    Antagonist 99.47%
    PZ-128 (P1pal-7), a cell-penetrating lipopeptide pepducin, is a first-in-class, specific and reversible protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) antagonist. PZ-128 targets the cytoplasmic surface of PAR1 and interrupts signaling to internally-located G (PAR1-G) proteins. PZ-128 has antiplatelet, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic and anticancer effects.
    PZ-128
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