2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Necroptosis

Necroptosis

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death mediated by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and generally manifests with morphological features of necrosis. Necroptosis is characterized by early loss of plasma membrane integrity, leakage of intracellular contents, and organelle swelling. The cells dying through necroptosis lack the typical apoptotic characteristics, such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and intranucleosomal DNA cleavage into 180 bp DNA laddering, but may show TUNEL positivity.

Necroptosis triggers innate immune responses by rupturing dead cells and releasing intracellular components, it can be caused by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and TLR-4 agonists, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), certain microbial infections, and T cell receptors. Necroptosis signaling is modulated by receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 when the activity of caspase-8 becomes compromised. Activated death receptors (DRs) cause the activation of receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and the RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent formation of an RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL, which is complex II. RIPK3 phosphorylates MLKL, ultimately leading to necrosis through plasma membrane disruption and cell lysis.

Necroptosis Related Products (103):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14909
    Bardoxolone
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    Bardoxolone (RTA 401; CDDO) is a novel nuclear regulatory factor (NRf-2) activator. Bardoxolone is a potent necroptosis inhibitor that inhibits Z-VAD-FMK-induced necroptosis. Bardoxolone methyl enhances the antioxidant system, modulates inflammatory cytokines and inhibits apoptosis in rat kidney, demonstrating inhibition on APAP-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and analgesic effect. Additionally, Bardoxolone methyl decreases Paclitaxel (PAC) (HY-B0015)-induced mitochondrial damage in neuronal cells. Bardoxolone methyl is promising for the research of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and chronic kidney disease.
    Bardoxolone
  • HY-W004702
    Methyl methanesulfonate
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Methyl methanesulfonate is an alkylating agent which transfers methyl groups, and induces DNA damage. Methyl methanesulfonate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Methyl methanesulfonate
  • HY-Y0698
    Thioacetamide
    		≥98.0%
    Thioacetamide (TAA) is an indirect hepatotoxin and causes parenchymal cell necrosis. Thioacetamide requires metabolic activation by microsomal CYP2E1 to thioacetamide-S-oxide initially and then to thioacetamide-S-dioxide, which is a highly reactive metabolite, and its reactive metabolites covalently bind to proteins and lipids thereby causing oxidative stress and centrilobular necrosis. Thioacetamide can induce chronic liver fibrosis, encephalopathy and other events model.
    Thioacetamide
  • HY-W010800
    Cholesteryl hemisuccinate
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Cholesteryl hemisuccinate is a with hepatoprotective an anticancer activity. Cholesteryl hemisuccinate inhibits Acetaminophen (AAP, HY-66005) hepatotoxicity, and prevents AAP-induced hepatic apoptosis and necrosis. Cholesteryl hemisuccinate inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase to inhibit DNA replication and repair and cell division. Thus, Cholesteryl hemisuccinate inhibits tumor growth.
    Cholesteryl hemisuccinate
  • HY-144828
    RIP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1
    		Inducer
    RIP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1 (Compound 6i) is a potent anti-glioma agent. RIP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1 induces necroptosis through RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway. RIP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1 exerts acceptable BBB permeability.
    RIP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1
  • HY-173185
    RIP1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    RIP1-IN-1 is an orally active RIP1 inhibitor with strong RIP1 binding affinity (Kd: 110 nM). RIP1-IN-1 exhibits strong anti-necroptosis activity. RIP1-IN-1 effectively inhibits the formation of necrosomes by blocking the phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL signaling pathways. RIP1-IN-1 inhibits necroptosis and can be used in the study of acute liver injury.
    RIP1-IN-1
  • HY-169509
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 8
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase I/II Inhibitor 8 (Compound Ru7) is a dual catalytic inhibitor of Topoisomerase I/II, capable of inducing DNA damage and PARP-1 activation, which subsequently leads to the activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, ultimately triggering necroptosis. Topoisomerase I/II Inhibitor 8 demonstrates remarkable anticancer activity by effectively targeting the nuclei of cancer cells and inducing cell death through necroptosis, showing great clinical potential in circumventing drug resistance in cancer treatment.
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 8
  • HY-168640
    RIP3 activator 1
    		Inducer
    RIP3 activator 1 (compound C8) is a potent RIP3 activator. RIP3 activator 1 inhibits cell growth. RIP3 activator 1 induces necroptosis through the RIP3/p62/Keap1 signaling pathway. RIP3 activator 1 increases the protein expression of p-MLKL. RIP3 activator 1 induces autophagy. RIP3 activator 1 increases accumulation of LC3-II and p62 protein expression.
    RIP3 activator 1
  • HY-B1218
    Sulfaphenazole
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Sulfaphenazole is a selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme. Sulfaphenazole is a cytoprotective agent against light-induced death of photoreceptors. Sulfaphenazole inhibits light-induced necrosis and mitochondrial stress-initiated apoptosis. Sulfaphenazole is an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic and demonstrates bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. Sulfaphenazole can significantly reduce infarct size and restore post-ischemic coronary flow following ischemia and reperfusion.
    Sulfaphenazole
  • HY-B0863
    Glyphosate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders.
    Glyphosate
  • HY-134050
    Apostatin-1
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Apostatin-1 (Apt-1) is a potent TRADD inhibitor. Apostatin-1 can bind with TRADD-N (KD=2.17 μM), disrupting its binding to both TRADD-C and TRAF2. Apostatin-1 modulates the ubiquitination of RIPK1 and beclin 1. Apostatin-1 blocks apoptosis and restores cellular homeostasis by activating autophagy in cells with accumulated mutant tau, α-synuclein, or huntingtin.
    Apostatin-1
  • HY-B1248
    Chlorhexidine
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Chlorhexidine is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine
  • HY-14307
    Necrocide 1
    		Inducer 98.84%
    Necrocide 1 (compound (S)-38) a potent anticancer agent. Necrocide 1 has antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 0.48 and 2 nM for MCF-7 and PC3, respectively.
    Necrocide 1
  • HY-B0339
    Primidone
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Primidone is the orally active inhibitor for TRPM3 (IC50 = 0.6 μM), RIP kinase and voltage-gated sodium channel, and the antagonist for GABA receptor. Primidone can be used as the analgesic and anticonvulsant agent.
    Primidone
  • HY-N0244
    Theaflavin-3'-gallate
    		Inhibitor 98.68%
    Theaflavin-3'-gallate is a monomer of theaflavins found in black tea, which has anti-UVB damage activity and inhibits cell apoptosis and necroptosis. Theaflavin-3'-gallate acts as a pro-oxidant and induces oxidative stress in cancer cells, inhibiting xanthine oxidase (OX), with an IC50 of 7.6 μM.
    Theaflavin-3'-gallate
  • HY-W010201
    Citronellol
    		Inducer 98.60%
    Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.
    Citronellol
  • HY-158312
    UH15-38
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    UH15-38 is a potent RIPK3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 20 nM. UH15-38 blocks IAV (influenza A virus)-activated necroptosis. UH15-38 dampens IAV-induced lung injury.
    UH15-38
  • HY-164388
    Z-VAD
    		Inducer 99.53%
    Z-VAD is a competitive, irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. Z-VAD inhibits all 10 caspases, except for caspase-2 which is only weakly inhibited. Z-VAD decreases radiation-induced apoptosis. Z-VAD induces both autophagy and necrosis in irradiated MDA-MB-231 and H460 mouse xenografts. Z-VAD with radiation produces a significant tumor growth delay and shows dramatic antiangiogenic effect in cancer xenograft.
    Z-VAD
  • HY-B0608
    Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water)
    		Inducer 99.45%
    Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water)
  • HY-B1145
    Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride