2. Signaling Pathways
  3. NF-κB
  4. NF-κB

NF-κB

Nuclear factor-κB; Nuclear factor-kappaB

NF-κB

Related Products

PDF 4.06 MB

NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. There are five proteins in the mammalian NF-κB family: NF-κB1, NF-κB2, RelA, RelB, c-Rel.

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N4231
    Lucyoside B
    		Inhibitor 99.21%
    Lucyoside B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via both NF-κB and activator protein-1 pathways in activated macrophages.
    Lucyoside B
  • HY-124651
    SEMBL
    		Inhibitor 99.40%
    SEMBL is a potent NF-κB inhibitor. SEMBL can inhibit NF-κB-DNA binding, and also inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretions. SEMBL inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion via decreasing MMP expression. SEMBL can be used for researching anticancer.
    SEMBL
  • HY-N2909
    Aurantiamide
    		Inhibitor 98.09%
    Aurantiamide is a non-covalent, orally active, blood-brain-permeable GRPR selective antagonist with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Aurantiamide reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in renal tissue by inhibiting GRPR-mediated renal necrosis pathways (such as RIPK3/MLKL signaling) and NF-κB inflammatory pathways, exerting anti-acute kidney injury and endothelial function activities. Aurantiamide also inhibits the M1 polarization of microglia and inhibits NLRP3 activation, thereby improving AD mouse models. Aurantiamide has in vivo inhibitory efficacy in acute kidney injury models such as ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and hypertension models.
    Aurantiamide
  • HY-N0276
    Flaconitine
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Flaconitine is considered to be a NF-κB inhibitor.
    Flaconitine
  • HY-N3063
    Pimaric acid
    		Inhibitor 98.76%
    Pimaric acid is a resin acid that has been found in A. cordata and various pines. Pimaric acid exerts anticancer effects via endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell migration in human ovarian cancer cells. Pimaric acid reduces mRNA expression, protein levels, and promoter activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in TNF-α-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).
    Pimaric acid
  • HY-B1640R
    Ethacrynic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ethacrynic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethacrynic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethacrynic acid (Etacrynic acid) is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice.
    Ethacrynic acid (Standard)
  • HY-126066
    (-)-Syringaresinol
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    (-)-Syringaresinol, is the isoform of Syringaresinol (HY-N8307), which can be found in stems of Annona Montana, possesses anti-cancer activity. Syringaresinol is an activator of NO synthase phosphorylation and induces vasodilation. Syringaresinol also inhibits the NF-κB pathway and exerts anti-inflammatory activity.
    (-)-Syringaresinol
  • HY-N9451
    Ginger extract
    		Inhibitor
    Ginger extract exhibits anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and chemotherapeutic effects in vivo.
    Ginger extract
  • HY-117987
    CPS-11
    		Inhibitor 99.39%
    CPS-11 (N-(Hydroxymethyl)thalidomide) a Thalidomide (HY-14658) analogue, is a potent anti-cancer agent. CPS-11 inhibits NF-κB, activates NFAT, and repress cytokine expression through elevated ROS. CPS-11 exhibits a wider activity spectrum and higher potency against MM (multiple myeloma) cell lines.
    CPS-11
  • HY-N1956
    Rubiadin-1-methyl ether
    		Inhibitor 98.57%
    Rubiadin-1-methyl ether is a natural anthraquinone isolated from Morinda officinalis How, and inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption via inhibition on the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the degradation of IκBα as well as decrease in the nuclear translocation of p65.
    Rubiadin-1-methyl ether
  • HY-N2101
    Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin
    		Inhibitor 98.65%
    Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, isolated from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, is a tyrosinase inhibitor against mushroom tyrosinase with IC50 of 0.453 mM. Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin is NF-κB Inhibitor and contributes to improving blood circulation through its inhibitory effect on both platelet aggregation and blood coagulation.
    Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin
  • HY-N3387
    Licoricidin
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Licoricidin (LCD) is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, possesses anti-cancer activities. Licoricidin (LCD) inhibit SW480 cells (IC50=7.2 μM) by inducing cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy, and is a potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer. Licoricidin (LCD) inhibits Lung Metastasis by inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as changes in the local microenvironment of tumor tissues the anticarcinogenic effect. Licoricidin enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in Osteosarcoma (OS) cells by inactivation of the Akt and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo. Licoricidin blocks UVA-induced photoaging via ROS scavenging, limits the activity of MMP-1, it can be considered as an active ingredient in new topically applied anti-ageing formulations.
    Licoricidin
  • HY-W015883R
    Fumaric acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Fumaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fumaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
    Fumaric acid (Standard)
  • HY-134353B
    ADP-β-S trilithium
    		Activator
    ADP-β-S trilithium is the trilithium salt form of ADP-β-S (HY-134353). ADP-β-S trilithium is the activator for P2Y12 receptor, which upregulates levels of IL-1βand IL-6 production in microglial cells, promotes the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and enhances the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
    ADP-β-S trilithium
  • HY-P1633
    Protegrin-1
    		Activator 99.55%
    Protegrin-1 is an orally active antibacterial peptide. Protegrin-1 activates ERK, COX2, NFκB, inhibits Apoptosis, and NO production. Protegrin-1 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM. Protegrin-1 has antiviral activity against dengue NS2B-NS3. Protegrin-1 has anti-inflammatory activity. Protegrin-1 is used in the study of inflammatory diseases and infections.
    Protegrin-1
  • HY-126818
    Desfuroylceftiofur
    		Inhibitor
    Desfuroylceftiofur is an active metabolite of Ceftiofur which is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. Desfuroylceftiofur is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
    Desfuroylceftiofur
  • HY-P99635
    Gatralimab
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Gatralimab (GZ-402668) is an IgG1 anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody.
    Gatralimab
  • HY-N1913A
    Danshensu sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    Danshensu (Dan shen suan A) sodium, an orally active phenolic compound, can induce Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Danshensu sodium reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulates antioxidant defense mechanism and inhibits intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Danshensu sodium displays a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 of 0.97 μM. Danshensu sodium has anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-lung inflammatory and has the potential for COVID-19, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases research.
    Danshensu sodium
  • HY-B0516
    Articaine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    Articaine hydrochloride (Hoe-045) is an amide agent that can suppress or relieve pain, containing an ester group, reversibly binding to the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channels within the inner cavity of the nerve, can provide effective pain relief. Articaine hydrochloride ameliorates LPS-induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of NF-κB activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
    Articaine hydrochloride
  • HY-14928A
    Lobeglitazone sulfate
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    Lobeglitazone sulfate is a new type of thiazolidinedione. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the orally active agonist for PPAR with EC50 of 137.4 nM and 546.3 nM for PPARγ and PPARα. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the inhibitor for ERK/JNK/Smad/NF-κB signaling pathway. Lobeglitazone sulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties.
    Lobeglitazone sulfate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
All Rights Reserved.
Download NF-κB Signaling Pathway Map.

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of immunity, stress responses, apoptosis and differentiation. In mammals, there are five members of the transcription factor NF-κB family: RELA (p65), RELB and c-REL, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), which are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. NF-κB transcription factors bind as dimers to κB sites in promoters and enhancers of a variety of genes and induce or repress transcription. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways[1]. 

 

The canonical NF-κB pathway is triggered by signals from a large variety of immune receptors, such as TNFR, TLR, and IL-1R, which activate TAK1. TAK1 then activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of catalytic (IKKα and IKKβ) and regulatory (NEMO) subunits, via phosphorylation of IKKβ. Upon stimulation, the IKK complex, largely through IKKβ, phosphorylates members of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family, such as IκBα and the IκB-like molecule p105, which sequester NF-κB members in the cytoplasm. IκBα associates with dimers of p50 and members of the REL family (RELA or c-REL), whereas p105 associates with p50 or REL (RELA or c-REL). Upon phosphorylation by IKK, IκBα and p105 are degradated in the proteasome, resulting in the nuclear translocation of canonical NF-κB family members, which bind to specific DNA elements, in the form of various dimeric complexes, including RELA-p50, c-REL-p50, and p50-p50. Atypical, IKK-independent pathways of NF-κB induction also provide mechanisms to integrate parallel signaling pathways to increase NF-κB activity, such as hypoxia, UV and genotoxic stress.

 

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by certain TNF superfamily members, such as CD40L, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β), which stimulates the recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1/2 to the receptor complex. Activated cIAP mediates K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRAF3, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK). NIK phosphorylates and activates IKKα, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering p100 processing, and leading to the generation of p52 and the nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB[2][3].

 

Reference:

[1]. Oeckinghaus A, et al. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Oct;1(4):a000034. 
[2]. Taniguchi K, et al. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):309-324.
[3]. Perkins ND,et al. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;8(1):49-62.

NF-κB Isoform Comparison

Your Search Returned No Results.

Sorry. There is currently no product that acts on isoform together.

Please try each isoform separately.