2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

Related Products

PDF 0.55 MB

The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-112816A
    MA242 free base
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    MA242 free base is a specific dual inhibitor of MDM2 and NFAT1. MA242 free base directly binds both MDM2 and NFAT1 with high affinity, induces their protein degradation, and inhibits NFAT1-mediated transcription of MDM2. MA242 free base induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines regardless of p53 status.
    MA242 free base
  • HY-18343
    CP-31398
    		p53 Activator
    CP-31398 can stabilize the active conformation of p53 and promote p53 activity in cancer cells with either mutant or wild-type p53. In addition, CP-31398 can upregulate p53 target genes, such as p21WAF1/Cip1 and KILLER/DR5. CP-31398 exerts an inhibitory effect on tumor growth.
    CP-31398
  • HY-174458
    MD-4251
    		Degrader
    MD-4251 is an orally active MDM2 PROTAC degrader. MD-4251 potently degrades MDM2 in RS4;11 cells (DC50: 0.2 nM) and actives p53. MD-4251 shows strong antiproliferative activity against acute leukemia cells (wild-type p53) with minimal efficacy in mutant type. MD-4251 induces complete tumor regression in RS4;11 xenograft mice model. Pink: MDM2 ligand (HY-130684); Blue: CRBN ligase ligand (HY-W883326); Black: linker
    MD-4251
  • HY-141584
    ATSP-7041
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    ATSP-7041, a selective dual peptide inhibitor of MDM2 and MDMX, effectively reactivates the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in a mechanism-dependent manner in p53-positive cancers.
    ATSP-7041
  • HY-101266A
    Milademetan tosylate
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    Milademetan tosylate is the tosylate salt form of Milademetan (HY-101266). Milademetan tosylate is an orally active inhibitor for MDM2. Milademetan tosylate arrests the cell cycle at G1 pahse, induces the apoptosis Milademetan tosylate restores the p53 activity by targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction, and exhibits anticancer activity against Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).
    Milademetan tosylate
  • HY-P5910A
    Azurin p28 peptide TFA
    Azurin p28 peptide TFA is a tumor-penetrated antitumor peptide. Azurin p28 peptide TFA redues proteasomal degradation of p53 through formation of a p28: p53 complex. Azurin p28 peptide TFA induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Azurin p28 peptide TFA inhibits p53-positive tumor growths. Azurin p28 peptide TFA shows antiangiogenic effect by inhibiting phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, FAK and Akt.
    Azurin p28 peptide TFA
  • HY-13705
    NM-3
    NM-3 is an isocoumarin with antiarthritic and antiangiogenic effects. NM-3 is an orally active antiangiogenic agent with low toxicity.
    NM-3
  • HY-172204
    SIRT-IN-7
    		Activator
    SIRT-IN-7 (Compound 7ba) is a SIRT inhibitor. SIRT-IN-7 can inhibit the expression of SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3, and increase the acetylation and activation of p53. SIRT-IN-7 can inhibit the proliferation, and induce apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells. SIRT-IN-7 has anti-tumor activity.
    SIRT-IN-7
  • HY-163357
    CDK2/MDM2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CDK2/MDM2-IN-1 (III-13) is a dual inhibitor of CDK2/MDM2 with an IC50 value of 2.60 nM for CDK2. CDK2/MDM2-IN-1 has antitumor activity.
    CDK2/MDM2-IN-1
  • HY-113843
    RETRA hydrobromide
    		Activator
    RETRA (hydrobromide) is a mutant p53-dependent activator of p73 that can inhibit cancer cells carrying mutant p53. RETRA (hydrobromide) increases the expression level of p73, induces transcriptional activation of several common to transcriptional targets p53 and p73, which leads to mutant p53- and p73-dependent inhibition of tumor growth, reduction of colony formation and induction of effector caspases.
    RETRA hydrobromide
  • HY-174260
    Neuroprotective agent 11
    Neuroprotective agent 11 (Compound 1a) is an orally active polyphenol compound with significant protective effects against cerebral ischemia. The main activities of Neuroprotective agent 11 include inhibiting neuronal inflammation and apoptosis, reducing cerebral infarction volume, and improving behavioral symptoms of cerebral ischemic mice. Neuroprotective agent 11 exerts its regulatory mechanism by downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors (iNOS、COX-2) and apoptotic proteins (cleaved-Caspase3, p53). Neuroprotective agent 11 can be used in the study of cerebral ischemia-related diseases (such as ischemic stroke).
    Neuroprotective agent 11
  • HY-100765
    BI-0252
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    BI-0252 is an orally active, selective MDM2-p53 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 nM. BI-0252 can induce tumor regressions in all animals of a mouse SJSA-1 xenograft, with concomitant induction of the tumor protein p53 (TP53) target genes and markers of apoptosis.
    BI-0252
  • HY-146432
    Antitumor agent-60
    		Activator
    Antitumor agent-60 (compound 20) is a potent antitumor agent, targeting RAS-RAF signaling pathway and binding to CRAF with a Kd value of 3.93 μM. Antitumor agent-60 induces apoptosis by blocking cell cycle at G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-60 enhances the level of p53 and ROS. Antitumor agent-60 causes oval and irregular nucleus in cancer cells. Antitumor agent-60 can suppress the growth of tumor to some extent in A549 xenograft model.
    Antitumor agent-60
  • HY-174803
    WMJ-J-09
    		p53 Activator
    WMJ-J-09 is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 7.5 nM (HDAC1), 21.3 nM (HDAC2), 18.4 nM (HDAC3), 90.9 nM (HDAC8), 3.9 nM (HDAC6) and 8715.7 nM (HDAC4). WMJ-J-09 blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. WMJ-J-09 induces cancer cell death through the LKB1-AMPK-p38MAPK-p63-survivin signaling cascade.WMJ-J-09 inhibits HDAC enzyme activity, leading to acetylation of key proteins and thereby regulating cancer cell death. WMJ-J-09 can be used in HCT116 cells and FaDu cells research[1][2].
    WMJ-J-09
  • HY-P4157A
    FOXO4-DRI acetate
    		Inhibitor
    FOXO4-DRI acetate is a cell-permeable peptide antagonist that blocks the interaction of FOXO4 and p53. FOXO4-DRI acetate is a senolytic peptide that induces apoptosis of senescent cells.
    FOXO4-DRI acetate
  • HY-18330
    MI 63
    		p53 Activator
    MI 63 is an activator for p53, by targeting the MDM2 (Ki is 3 nM). MI 63 inhibits the proliferation of embryonic and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS and ARMS) cells (IC50 is 0.58 μM in RH36 cells), and induces apoptosis in ERMS and ARMS.
    MI 63
  • HY-169412
    MAPK-IN-3
    MAPK-IN-3 (Compound 4a) is an anti-proliferative agent that shows particularly strong inhibitory effects on KYSE 30, HCT 116, and HGC 27, with IC50 values of 0.57 μM, 3.27 μM, and 2.28 μM, respectively. MAPK-IN-3 blocks the cell cycle via a p53-dependent mechanism and induces cell apoptosis through a p53-independent mechanism. MAPK-IN-3 downregulates the expression of cell cycle-related proteins like Cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved caspase-9, and reduces the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2. Additionally, MAPK-IN-3 increases the intracellular level of ROS in KYSE 30 cells and upregulates the expression of members of the MAPK signaling pathway associated with ROS, such as p-ERK, p-p38 and p-JNK.
    MAPK-IN-3
  • HY-117652
    Lobetyol
    		p53 Activator
    Lobetyol is a natural compound that can be isolated from Lobelia chinensis. Lobetyol induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MKN45 cells. Lobetyol shows anti-virus, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor activity. Lobetyol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Lobetyol
  • HY-173084
    BRD6257
    		p53 Activator
    BRD6257 is an orally active inhibitor for protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D PPM1D with an IC50 of 5 nM. BRD6257 activates p53 signaling pathway with an EC50 of 51 nM, increases the p21 expression, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell MOLM13 (IC50=2.8 μM). BRD6257 exhibits good metabolic stability in human and rat liver microsomes.
    BRD6257
  • HY-162035
    MDM2-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    MDM2-IN-23 (compound 5d) is an inhibitor of MDM2. MDM2-IN-23 has an IC50 of 60.09 μM on MCF-7 cells.
    MDM2-IN-23
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
All Rights Reserved.
Download MDM-2/p53 Signaling Pathway Map.

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]. 

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.