2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-123205
    Oxatomide
    		Inhibitor 98.11%
    Oxatomide (KW-4354) is an orally active dual antagonist of the H1-histamine receptor and the P2X7 receptor, as well as an inhibitor of serotonin. Oxatomide possesses antihistaminic, antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Oxatomide can be used in the research of allergic diseases.
    Oxatomide
  • HY-B0559
    Nabumetone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Nabumetone is an orally active non-acidic anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor, and is the proagent of the active metabolite 6MNA.
    Nabumetone
  • HY-129974
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine
    		Activator
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (3,3'-T2) is an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormone. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine significantly enhances COX activity.
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine
  • HY-B1153A
    Glafenine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    Glafenine (Glafenin) hydrochloride is a non-selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-based COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor. Glafenine hydrochloride exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cell migration effects by inhibiting the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Glafenine hydrochloride can induce cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and reduce the synthesis of the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin. Glafenine hydrochloride can be used in the research of inflammatory-related diseases, vascular restenosis and cystic fibrosis (CF).
    Glafenine hydrochloride
  • HY-N2518
    Agnuside
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo.
    Agnuside
  • HY-B1799
    Tolmetin
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Tolmetin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 0.35 μM and 0.82 μM human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    Tolmetin
  • HY-B0619
    Zaltoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    Zaltoprofen (CN100), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a preferential and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.3 and 0.34 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Zaltoprofen exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory effects as well as an analgesic action on inflammatory pain.
    Zaltoprofen
  • HY-126052
    Gnetol
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Gnetol is a phenolic compound isolated from the root of Gnetum montanum . Gnetol potently inhibits COX-1 (IC50 of 0.78 μM) and HDAC. Gnetol is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.5 μM for murine tyrosinase and suppresses melanin biosynthesis. Gnetol has antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer and hepatoprotective activity. Gnetol also possesses concentration-dependent α-Amylase, α-glucosidase, and adipogenesis activities.
    Gnetol
  • HY-128463
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
  • HY-N0735
    Phellodendrine chloride
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
    Phellodendrine chloride
  • HY-B0138
    Ketorolac tromethamine salt
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Ketorolac tromethamine salt (RS37619 tromethamine salt) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2.
    Ketorolac tromethamine salt
  • HY-W040672
    Ibufenac
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Ibufenac (Dytransin) is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ibufenac exerts anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ibufenac is being studied for the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
    Ibufenac
  • HY-N2434
    [10]-Shogaol
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    [10]-Shogaol is an orally active antioxidant. [10]-Shogaol can be extracted from ginger (Zingiber officinale). [10]-Shogaol1 inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 value of 7.5 μM. [10]-Shogaol inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6). [10]-Shogaol inhibits NF-κB phosphorylation. [10]-Shogaol has anti-inflammatory effects. [10]-Shogaol has anticancer effects against Docetaxel (HY-B0011)-resistant prostate cancer. [10]-Shogaol exhibits larvicidal activity against L5 larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
    [10]-Shogaol
  • HY-B1888A
    Bromfenac sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Bromfenac sodium is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac sodium can be used in ocular inflammation research.
    Bromfenac sodium
  • HY-W016412
    Coenzyme Q0
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a potent, oral active ubiquinone compound can be derived from Antrodia cinnamomea. Coenzyme Q0 induces apoptosis and autophagy, suppresses of HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling to potentiate the apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. Coenzyme Q0 has anti-angiogenic activity through downregulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulation of HO-1 signaling.
    Coenzyme Q0
  • HY-14928
    Lobeglitazone
    		Inhibitor
    Lobeglitazone is a new type of thiazolidinedione. Lobeglitazone is the orally active agonist for PPAR with EC50 of 137.4 nM and 546.3 nM for PPARγ and PPARα. Lobeglitazone is the inhibitor for ERK/JNK/Smad/NF-κB signaling pathway. Lobeglitazone exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties.
    Lobeglitazone
  • HY-N0261
    Aurantio-obtusin
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Aurantio-obtusin is a anthraquinone compound that can be extracted from cassia seed. Aurantio-obtusin has the effects of decreasing blood pressure, decreasing blood lipids and anti-inflammatory.Aurantio-obtusin is an orally active vasodilator. Aurantio-obtusin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through AMPK/ autophagy- and AMPK/TFEB mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation.
    Aurantio-obtusin
  • HY-Y1117
    Melamine
    		Inducer 99.17%
    Melamine is an orally active inducer of Apoptosis. Melamine induces animal disease models. Melamine affects the activity of Sertoli cell and can be used for research on male reproductive function. Melamine also has neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Melamine induces cognitive impairment and acute kidney injury models. Melamine can also be used to induce bladder cancer and urinary stone models.
    Melamine
  • HY-N0632
    Esculentoside A
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Esculentoside A (EsA), a kind of triterpene saponin isolated from roots of Phytolacca esculenta. Esculentoside A (EsA) possesses anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic experimental models, has selective inhibitory activity towards cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Esculentoside A (EsA) suppresses inflammatory responses in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ΚB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
    Esculentoside A
  • HY-W021358
    N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
    		Substrate 99.98%
    N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) is an redox indicator. N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine can be used for the research of impairment of cell respiration.
    N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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