2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1227R
    Carprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
    Carprofen (Standard)
  • HY-U00146
    FR-188582
    		Inhibitor 99.12%
    FR-188582 is a highly selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, with an IC50 value of 17 nM.
    FR-188582
  • HY-15029S
    (±)-Naproxen-d3
    		99.77%
    (±)-Naproxen-d3 is the deuterium labeled (±)-Naproxen. (±)-Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    (±)-Naproxen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W268542
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation.
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine
  • HY-B0578S
    Loxoprofen-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.04%
    Loxoprofen-d4 is deuterium labeled Loxoprofen. Loxoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    Loxoprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-127125
    Diclofenac ethyl ester
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    Diclofenac ethyl ester is the prodrug of Diclofenac (HY-15036), that is encapsulated in polymer micelles in vitro, and released with prolonged circulation time and reduced drug concentrations in the heart and kidneys in vivo.
    Diclofenac ethyl ester
  • HY-120178
    (±)7(8)-DiHDPA
    		98.00%
    (±)7(8)-DiHDPA is a epoxygenase metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (HY-B2167). (±)7(8)-DiHDPA inhibits platelet aggregation at concentrations below those affecting thromboxane synthesis.
    (±)7(8)-DiHDPA
  • HY-N6663
    3-Carene
    		Inhibitor
    3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene in essential oils extracted from pine trees. 3-Carene inhibits nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression, and with antinociceptive effect. 3-Carene stimulates the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase that is an early phase marker of osteoblastic differentiation.
    3-Carene
  • HY-B0386R
    Flunixin meglumine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Flunixin (meglumine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flunixin (meglumine). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flunixin meglumine is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.55 and 3.24 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Flunixin meglumine shows anti-inflammatory effects.
    Flunixin meglumine (Standard)
  • HY-W032848
    Tinoridine
    		Inhibitor 99.00%
    Tinoridine (Y-3642) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent antiperoxidative ability and radical scavenger activity. Tinoridine acts function by inhibiting COX enzyme, involves in hepatotoxicity inhibition. .
    Tinoridine
  • HY-U00046
    Apyramide
    		Inhibitor 99.06%
    Apyramide is an anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and behaves as a proagent of indomethacin (HY-14397). Indomethacin is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2.
    Apyramide
  • HY-U00022
    RWJ 63556
    		Inhibitor 99.35%
    RWJ 63556 is an orally active COX-2 selective/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory activities.
    RWJ 63556
  • HY-78131AR
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen ((S)-Ibuprofen), a S(+)-enantiomer of Ibuprofen, is a potent COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 2.1 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antipyretic effects.
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen (Standard)
  • HY-B0227A
    Ketoprofen (lysinate)
    		Inhibitor
    Ketoprofen (RP-19583) lysinate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ketoprofen lysinate can inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase with IC50 values of 2 nM (COX-1) and 26 nM (COX-2). which is potential in the research of inflammation, immunology, and metabolic disease such as obesity.
    Ketoprofen (lysinate)
  • HY-15321S2
    Etoricoxib-d3
    Etoricoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Etoricoxib. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
    Etoricoxib-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0634S
    Aceclofenac-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Aceclofenac-d4 is the deuterium labeled Aceclofenac. Aceclofenac is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID), with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Aceclofenac is used for the research of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis.
    Aceclofenac-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-129974S
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine-13C6
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine-13C6 is the 13C labeled 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (3,3'-T2) is an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormone. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine significantly enhances COX activity.
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N2454R
    β-Elemonic acid (Standard)
    		Activator
    β-Elemonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Elemonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0698R
    Crocin II (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Crocin II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Crocin II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Crocin II is isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides with antioxidant, anticancer, and antidepressant activity. Crocin II inhibits NO production with an IC50 value of 31.1 μM. Crocin II suppresses the expressions of protein and m-RNA of iNOS and COX-2.
    Crocin II (Standard)
  • HY-115866
    COX-2-IN-6
    		Inhibitor 98.80%
    COX-2-IN-6 (compound 10) is an orally active, gut-restricted and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor for colorectal Chemoprevention of cancer. COX-2-IN-6 selectively targets COX-2 with an IC50 of 0.84 μM and a Ki of 69 nM. COX-2-IN-6 also inhibits COX-2-driven PGE2 synthesis with an IC50 of 0.60 μM.
    COX-2-IN-6
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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