2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15861
    Targapremir-210
    		Inducer 98.00%
    Targapremir-210 (TGP-210) is a potent and selective miR-210 (miRNA-210, microRNA-210) inhibitor. Targapremir-210 inhibits pre-miR-210 processing with high binding affinity (Kd~200 nM). Targapremir-210 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
    Targapremir-210
  • HY-117286
    (S)-JQ-35
    		Inducer 99.46%
    (S)-JQ-35 (TEN-010) is a selective bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family inhibitor targeting BRD4, BRD3, BRD2 and BRDT. (S)-JQ-35 is orally active and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. (S)-JQ-35 competitively binds to the bromodomain of BRD4, preventing it from binding to the Myc gene promoter, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. (S)-JQ-35 can be used for targeted therapy research of malignant tumors such as NUT midline carcinoma and refractory solid tumors.
    (S)-JQ-35
  • HY-161779
    PLX-3618
    		Inducer 99.86%
    PLX-3618 is a molecular glue, that degrades BRD4 with DC50 of 12.2 nM. PLX-3618 promotes polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of BRD4 by recruiting of the E3 ligase substrate receptor, DCAF11. PLX-3618 inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells, induces apoptosis in AML cells. PLX-3618 exhibits antitumor activity against AML in mouse models.
    PLX-3618
  • HY-N0523S
    Gallic acid-d2
    		99.59%
    Gallic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Gallic acid. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-112897
    IITZ-01
    		Inducer 98.18%
    IITZ-01 is a potent lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitor with single-agent antitumor activity, with an IC50 of 2.62 μM for PI3Kγ.
    IITZ-01
  • HY-15698
    CRT0066101
    		Inducer 99.66%
    CRT0066101 is a potent and orally active PKD inhibitor with IC50 values of 1 nM, 2.5 nM and 2 nM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively. CRT0066101 is also a potent PIM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of ~135.7 nM. CRT0066101 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mice LPS (HY-D1056)-induced lung injury models, and has anticancer effects.
    CRT0066101
  • HY-14994
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.91%
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride is a highly potent, selective nonpeptide protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits binding of a high-affinity thrombin receptor-activating peptide to PAR1 with an IC50 of 70 nM and a Ki of 35 nM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 3 μM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride has antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, and limits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts. SCH79797 dihydrochloride also potently prevents PAR1 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and astrocytes.
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride
  • HY-120599
    Sabizabulin
    		Inducer 99.00%
    VERU-111 (ABI-231) is a potent and orally active α and β tubulin inhibitor, which displays strong antiproliferative activity, with an average IC50 of 5.2 nM against panels of melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines. VERU-111 (ABI-231) suppresses tumor growth and metastatic phenotypes of cervical cancer cells via targeting HPV E6 and E7, and has potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
    Sabizabulin
  • HY-15227A
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride
    		Activator 99.46%
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride is a potent, selective DOT1L inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 nM.
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride
  • HY-129467
    (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (2-Hydroxyoleic acid) is a synthetic oleic acid (OA) derivative that binds to the plasma membrane and alters lipid organization. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid has anti-tumor effect.
    (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid
  • HY-117779
    DBIBB
    		98.07%
    DBIBB is a specific nonlipid agonist of the type 2 G protein coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA2). DBIBB mitigates the gastrointestinal radiation syndrome, increases intestinal crypt survival and enterocyte proliferation, and reduces apoptosis. DBIBB represents a agent candidate capable of mitigating acute radiation syndrome caused by high-dose γ-radiation to the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal system.
    DBIBB
  • HY-N2454
    β-Elemonic acid
    		Inducer 99.90%
    β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid
  • HY-107599
    AEG3482
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    AEG3482 is a potent antiapoptotic compound that inhibits Jun kinase (JNK) activity through induced expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). AEG3482 directly binds HSP90, thereby facilitating HSF1-dependent expression of HSP70 and HSP25.
    AEG3482
  • HY-103387
    DuP-697
    		Activator 99.67%
    DuP-697 is a member of the vicinal diaryl heterocycles and a potent, irreversible, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor (IC50 of 10 nM and 800 nM for human COX-2 and COX-1, respectively). DuP-697 exerts antiproliferative (IC50 of 42.8 nM), antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells. DuP-697 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antipyretic effects.
    DuP-697
  • HY-N5025
    Bullatine A
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Bullatine A, a diterpenoid alkaloid of the genus Aconitum, possesses anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. Bullatine A is a potent P2X7 antagonist, inhibits ATP-induced cell death/apoptosis and P2X receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. Bullatine A attenuates pain hypersensitivity, regardless of the pain models employed.
    Bullatine A
  • HY-111183
    Neocarzinostatin
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Neocarzinostatin, a potent DNA-damaging, anti-tumor antibiotic, recognizes double-stranded DNA bulge and induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Neocarzinostatin induces apoptosis. Neocarzinostatin has potential for EpCAM-positive cancers treatment .
    Neocarzinostatin
  • HY-15491
    AG-024322
    		Inducer 98.53%
    AG-024322 is a potent ATP-competitive pan-CDK inhibitor against cell cycle kinases CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 with Ki values in the 1-3 nM range. AG-024322 displays broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity and clear target modulation in vivo. AG-024322 induces cell apoptosis.
    AG-024322
  • HY-158341
    IOX5
    		Inducer 99.39%
    IOX5 is a selective prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.19 μM for PHD2. IOX5 stabilizes HIF-1α in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. IOX5 has anti-leukemia activity.
    IOX5
  • HY-W014940
    Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
    		Inducer 99.52%
    Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is a diester formed by the condensation of Ethylene glycol (HY-Y0338) and Methacrylic acid. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is a cross-linking agent for polymers. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate increases Apoptosis, GPx4, SOD2, ROS. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is cytotoxic and genotoxic. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate exhibits cross-linking activity, enhancing the mechanical properties and stability of materials.
    Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
  • HY-148660
    SFI003
    		Inducer 99.75%
    SFI003 is a SRSF3 inhibitor that drives CRC cell apoptosis via the SRSF3/DHCR24/ROS axis and exhibits potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo.
    SFI003
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity