2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13246
    Apitolisib
    		Inducer 99.29%
    Apitolisib (GDC-0980; GNE 390; RG 7422) is a selective, potent, orally bioavailable Class I PI3 kinase and mTOR kinase (TORC1/2) inhibitor with IC50s of 5 nM/27 nM/7 nM/14 nM for PI3Kα/PI3Kβ/PI3Kδ/PI3Kγ, and with a?Ki?of 17 nM for mTOR.
    Apitolisib
  • HY-13822
    SKI II
    		Inducer 99.25%
    SKI-II is an oral active and synthetic inhibitor of sphingosine kinase (SK) activity, with IC50 values of 78 μM and 45 μM for SK1 and for SK2, respectively. SKI II causes an irreversible inhibition of SK1 by inducing its lysosomal and/or proteasomal degradation.
    SKI II
  • HY-N0271
    Echinocystic acid
    		Inducer 99.00%
    Echinocystic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpene with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
    Echinocystic acid
  • HY-N6952
    Geraniol
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Geraniol is an olefin terpene with oral activity. Geraniol inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Geraniol has antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Geraniol can be used to study diabetes.
    Geraniol
  • HY-101985
    BV02
    		Activator 99.75%
    BV02 is a 14-3-3 inhibitor and an antibacterial agent. BV02 enhances the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. BV02 induces Apoptosis, Autophagy, and enhances Akt activation. BV02 has anti-B. melitensis infection and epilepsy-promoting effects. BV02 can also be used in colitis research.
    BV02
  • HY-W011641
    (±)-Naringenin
    		Agonist 98.88%
    (±)-Naringenin is an orally available anti-inflammatory agent that can regulate both acute and chronic inflammation responses, while also showing antioxidant, neuroprotective, liver-protective, and anti-cancer effects. (±)-Naringenin promotes vasodilation in endothelial cells by activating BKCa channels in muscle cells. It also exerts protective effects against experimental colitis by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling, making it useful in studies related to sepsis, fulminant hepatitis, fibrosis, and cancer research.
    (±)-Naringenin
  • HY-101130
    PNU-74654
    		Inducer 99.93%
    PNU-74654 is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway with an IC50 of 129.8 μM in NCI-H295 cell.
    PNU-74654
  • HY-13516
    Aloperine
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells.
    Aloperine
  • HY-108547
    Alexidine dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Alexidine dihydrochloride is an anticancer agent that targets a mitochondrial tyrosine phosphatase, PTPMT1, in mammalian cells and causes mitochondrial apoptosis. Alexidine dihydrochloride has antifungal and antibiofilm activity against a diverse range of fungal pathogens.
    Alexidine dihydrochloride
  • HY-103454
    MPP dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.54%
    MPP dihydrochloride is a potent and selective ER (estrogen receptor) modulator. MPP dihydrochloride induces significant apoptosis in the endometrial cancer and oLE cell lines. MPP dihydrochloride reverses the positive effects of beta-estradiol. MPP dihydrochloride has mixed agonist/antagonist action on murine uterine ERalpha in vivo.
    MPP dihydrochloride
  • HY-10448A
    Capsaicin (Purity 65%)
    		Inducer 99.20%
    Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin (Ratio >2:1). Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is an orally active capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist.
    Capsaicin (Purity 65%)
  • HY-124476
    Cystamine
    		Inducer 99.79%
    Cystamine is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .
    Cystamine
  • HY-N0103
    Sophocarpine
    		Inducer 99.75%
    Sophocarpine is a PTEN activator and an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Sophocarpine upregulates PTEN expression and inhibits PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, arrests tumor cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Sophocarpine inhibits MEK/ERK phosphorylation and VEGF secretion, reducing tumor cell migration. Sophocarpine can also inhibit NF-κB activation and p38 and JNK phosphorylation, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as iNOS and COX-2, and activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to reduce oxidative stress. Sophocarpine has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, and can be used in the research of cancers such as glioblastoma and colorectal cancer, inflammation-related diseases, and Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced cardiac damage.
    Sophocarpine
  • HY-18981
    Decursin
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
    Decursin
  • HY-A0126A
    Epoprostenol sodium
    		Inducer 98.03%
    Epoprostenol sodium (Prostaglandin I2) sodium salt, the synthetic form of the natural prostaglandin derivative prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2), is registered worldwide for the treatment of Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Epoprostenol sodium is used in pulmonary hypertension and transplantation as a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation.
    Epoprostenol sodium
  • HY-N0095
    (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin
    		Inducer 99.67%
    (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT;10-Hydroxycamptothecin) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor of isolated from the Chinese plant Camptotheca accuminata. (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin exhibits a remarkable apoptosis-inducing effect. (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin has the potential for hepatoma, gastric carcinoma, colon cancer and leukaemia treatment.
    (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin
  • HY-15771
    Tirabrutinib
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Tirabrutinib (ONO-4059) is an orally active Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor (can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)), with an IC50 of 6.8 nM. Tirabrutinib irreversibly and covalently binds to BTK and inhibits aberrant B cell receptor signaling. Tirabrutinib can be used in studies of autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies.
    Tirabrutinib
  • HY-104064
    1A-116
    		Inducer 99.72%
    1A-116, a potent Rac1 inhibitor, is specific for W56 residues, can prevent EGF-induced Rac1 activation and block Rac1-P-Rex1 interaction. 1A-116 can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, migration and cycle progression in a concentration-dependent manner. 1A-116 also demonstrates a high antimetastatic activity in vivo.
    1A-116
  • HY-15815
    Bromosporine
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Bromosporine is a potent BET inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.1 μM for PCAF. Bromosporine can arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Bromosporine exhibits excellent antitumor activity in xenograft mice model when combined with 5-FU (HY-90006). Bromosporine can increase CDK9 T-loop phosphorylation in HIV-1 latency models, resulting the protection of reactivate HIV-1 replication from latency. Bromosporine can be used to research colorectal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and AIDS.
    Bromosporine
  • HY-109185
    Pelcitoclax
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Pelcitoclax (APG-1252) is a potent Bcl-2/Bcl-xl inhibitor with antineoplastic and pro-apoptotic effects.
    Pelcitoclax
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity