2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-153356
    MRT-2359
    		Inducer 99.98%
    MRT-2359 is a potent, orally active and selective GSPT1 depressant (IC50: >30 nM and <300 nM) that specifically induces apoptosis dependent on protein translation. MRT-2359 exhibits significant and preferred anti-proliferative activity in a variety of cancer cell lines, especially MYC-driven cell lines, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with high expression of N-Myc or L-Myc. MRT-2359 inhibits the growth of drug-resistant NSCLC and SCLC cells, making it suitable for cancer research.
    MRT-2359
  • HY-146245
    ODN 1826
    		Inducer 98.79%
    ODN 1826 is a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide) and TLR9 agonist. ODN 1826 induces NO and iNOS production and enhances Apoptosis. ODN 1826 enhances immune surveillance. ODN 1826 increases aortic atherosclerotic plaque size. ODN 1826 has antitumor activity against lung cancer, glioma and melanoma.
    ODN 1826
  • HY-N6972
    Cepharanthine
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Cepharanthine is a natural product that can be isolated from the plant Stephania cephalantha Hayata. Cepharanthine has anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) activities. Cepharanthine has good effective in suppressing viral proliferation (half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) values of 1.90 and 4.46 μM. Cepharanthine can also effectively reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in K562 cells and increase enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in xenograft mice model. Cepharanthine shows inhibitory effects of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. Cepharanthine has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
    Cepharanthine
  • HY-N0045
    Ginsenoside Rg1
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.
    Ginsenoside Rg1
  • HY-10127
    Barasertib
    		Inducer 99.62%
    Barasertib (AZD1152), a pro-drug of Barasertib-hQPA, is a highly selective Aurora B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.37 nM in a cell-free assay. Barasertib (AZD1152) induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Barasertib
  • HY-10257
    BAY 11-7085
    		Inducer 99.99%
    BAY 11-7085 (BAY 11-7083) is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of IκBα; it stabilizes IκBα with an IC50 of 10 μM.
    BAY 11-7085
  • HY-145483
    KT-474
    		Inducer 99.77%
    KT-474 (KYM-001) is an orally active PROTAC IRAK4 degrader with antitumor activities. KT-474 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    KT-474
  • HY-B1334A
    Perhexiline maleate
    		Inducer 99.26%
    Perhexiline maleate is an orally active CPT1 and CPT2 inhibitor that reduces fatty acid metabolism. Perhexiline maleate induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatic cells. Perhexiline maleate can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and shows anti-tumor activity. Perhexiline maleate can be used in the research of cancers, and cardiovascular disease like angina.
    Perhexiline maleate
  • HY-16291
    APTO-253
    		Inducer 98.86%
    APTO-253 (LOR-253) is a small molecule that inhibits c-Myc expression, stabilizes G-quadruplex DNA, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. APTO-253 mediates anticancer activity through induction of the Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) tumor suppressor. APTO-253 has antiarthritic activity.
    APTO-253
  • HY-15695
    Puromycin aminonucleoside
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Puromycin aminonucleoside (NSC 3056) is the aminonucleoside portion of the antibiotic puromycin, and used in nephrosis animal models. Puromycin aminonucleoside induces apoptosis. Puromycin aminonucleoside is a reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase II and cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase. Puromycin aminonucleoside induces secretion of cell migrasome.
    Puromycin aminonucleoside
  • HY-B0425A
    Novobiocin sodium
    		Inducer 99.12%
    Novobiocin (Albamycin) sodium is a potent and orally active antibiotic. Novobiocin sodium also is a DNA gyrase inhibitor and a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist. Novobiocin sodium has the potential for the research of highly beta-lactam-resistant pneumococcal infections. Novobiocin sodium shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.
    Novobiocin sodium
  • HY-B0617A
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate
    		Inducer 99.01%
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) tosylate is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate
  • HY-16993
    OICR-9429
    		Inducer 99.71%
    OICR-9429 is high affinity WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) inhibitor, competitively blocks WDR5 interaction with MLL protein via binding the central peptide-binding pocket of WDR5. OICR-9429 can suppress histone H3K4 trimethylation and can be used for the research of various cancers including non-MLL-rearranged leukaemia, colon, pancreatic, prostate cancer and bladder cancer (BCa) .
    OICR-9429
  • HY-112163
    Zotatifin
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Zotatifin (eFT226) is a potent, selective, and well-tolerated eIF4A inhibitor. Zotatifin promotes eIF4A binding to specific mRNA sequences with recognition motifs in the 5’-UTRs (IC50=2 nM) and interferes with the assembly of the eIF4F initiation complex. Zotatifin shows robust antiviral effects, it effectively reduces viral infectivity by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 NP protein biogenesis (IC90=37 nM). Zotatifin induces cell apoptosis.
    Zotatifin
  • HY-10961
    Momelotinib
    		Inducer 99.37%
    Momelotinib (CYT387) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 with IC50a of 11 nM and 18 nM,respectively. CYT387 shows much less activity against JAK3.
    Momelotinib
  • HY-B0486
    Lonidamine
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Lonidamine (AF-1890) is a hexokinase and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor (Ki: 2.5 μM). Lonidamine also inhibits aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Lonidamine can be used in the research of mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation, such as pulmonary fibrosis.
    Lonidamine
  • HY-Y1787
    Dimethyl malonate
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Dimethyl malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Dimethyl malonate is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and hydrolyse to malonate. Dimethyl malonate reduces neuronal apoptosis.
    Dimethyl malonate
  • HY-107845
    SCR7 pyrazine
    		Inducer 99.88%
    SCR7 pyrazine is a DNA ligase IV inhibitor that blocks nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) in a ligase IV-dependent manner. SCR7 pyrazine increases the efficiency of Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR). SCR7 pyrazine induces cell apoptosis and has anticancer activity.
    SCR7 pyrazine
  • HY-13296
    PYR-41
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    PYR-41 is a selective and cell permeable inhibitor of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 with an IC50 of < 10 μM, with little activity at E2 and E3.
    PYR-41
  • HY-130604
    DT2216
    		Inducer 99.97%
    DT2216 is a potent and selective BCL-XL (Bcl-2 family member) degrader based on PROTAC technology. DT2216 causes effective degradation of BCL-XL protein by recruiting Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase. DT2216 inhibits various BCL-XL-dependent leukemia and cancer cells but considerably less toxic to platelets. DT2216 is composed of the Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor Navitoclax-piperazine (HY-44432), a linker, and a VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase (Pink: Navitoclax-piperazine; Blue: VHL ligand; Black: linker).
    DT2216
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity