2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-157800
    Trilexium
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Trilexium (TRX-E-009-1) is a third-generation of benzopyran structurally related to TRX-E-002-1 (HY-114250). Trilexium increases p21 protein expression and induces apoptosis. Trilexium depolymerizes microtubules. Trilexium shows broad anti-cancer activity.
    Trilexium
  • HY-162393
    XL44
    		Activator 98.00%
    XL44, an hRpn13 binder, induces hRpn13-dependent apoptosis and also restricts cell viability by a PCLAF-dependent mechanism. XL44 induces ubiquitin-dependent loss of hRpn13Pru and ubiquitin-independent loss of select KEN box containing proteins.
    XL44
  • HY-P5910
    Azurin p28 peptide
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Azurin p28 peptide is a tumor-penetrated antitumor peptide. Azurin p28 peptide redues proteasomal degradation of p53 through formation of a p28: p53 complex. Azurin p28 peptide induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Azurin p28 peptide inhibits p53-positive tumor growths. Azurin p28 peptide shows antiangiogenic effect by inhibiting phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, FAK and Akt.
    Azurin p28 peptide
  • HY-143412
    MIR002
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    MIR002 is a potent and orally active DNA polymerase α (POLA1) and HDAC 11 dual inhibitor. MIR002 induces acetylation of p53, activation of p21, G1/S cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. MIR002 shows significant antitumor activity in vivo.
    MIR002
  • HY-N3417
    Kongensin A
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Kongensin A is a natural product isolated from Croton kongensis. Kongensin A is an effective, covalent HSP90 inhibitor that blocks RIP3-dependent necroptosishas. Kongensin A is a potent necroptosis inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. Kongensin A has potential anti-necroptosis and anti-inflammation applications.
    Kongensin A
  • HY-110027
    2,3-DCPE hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.02%
    2,3-DCPE hydrochloride induces apoptosis and downregulates Bcl-XL expression. 2,3-DCPE hydrochloride has anti-tumor activity and can be used in cancer research.
    2,3-DCPE hydrochloride
  • HY-122496
    Malvidin chloride
    		98.48%
    Malvidin (chloride) is a bioactive compound isolated from grape. Malvidin shows cytotoxicity through the arrest of the G2/M phase of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Malvidin can be used for the research of cancer.
    Malvidin chloride
  • HY-117359
    UCD38B hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.31%
    UCD38B hydrochloride is a cell permeant, competitive enzymatic uPA inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7 μM. UCD38B hydrochloride targets intracellular uPA causing mistrafficking of uPA into perinuclear mitochondria, reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and followed by the release of apoptotic inducible factor (AIF). UCD38B hydrochloride induces apoptosis.
    UCD38B hydrochloride
  • HY-B0863R
    Glyphosate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Glyphosate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glyphosate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glyphosate is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate targets and blocks a plant metabolic pathway not found in animals, the shikimate pathway, required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants.
    Glyphosate (Standard)
  • HY-10984S1
    Pomalidomide-d3
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Pomalidomide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Pomalidomide. Pomalidomide, the third-generation immunomodulatory agent, acts as molecular glue. Pomalidomide interacts with the E3 ligase cereblon and induces degradation of essential Ikaros transcription factors.
    Pomalidomide-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-78131S2
    Ibuprofen-d4
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Ibuprofen-d4 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen (HY-78131). Ibuprofen is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0453R
    Hypericin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Hypericin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hypericin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hypericin is a naturally occurring substance found in Hyperlcurn perforatum L. Hypericin is an inhibitor of PKC (protein kinase C), MAO (monoaminoxidase), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450). Hypericin shows antitumor, antiviral, antidepressive activities, and can induce apoptosis.
    Hypericin (Standard)
  • HY-170329
    PROTAC AR Degrader-8
    		Inducer 99.98%
    PROTAC AR Degrader-8 (Compound NP18) is the PROTAC degrader for androgen receptor (AR), that degrades AR-FL with DC50 of 0.018 μM and 0.14 μM in 22Rv1 cell and LNCaP cell, degrades AR-V7 with DC50 of 0.026 μM in 22Rv1 cell. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell 22Rv1 and LNCaP with IC50 of 0.038 μM and 1.11 μM. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, induces apoptosis in 22Rv1 cell. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 exhibits anticancer efficacy in mouse and zebrafish model. (Pink: ligand for target protein AR ligand-33 (HY-170330); Black: linker (HY-W007731); Blue: ligand for E3 ligase Cereblon (HY-14658))
    PROTAC AR Degrader-8
  • HY-17503S3
    Metoprolol-d5
    Metoprolol-d5 is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol. Metoprolol is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties.
    Metoprolol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N8187
    Eupalinolide O
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Eupalinolide O is a sesquiterpene lactone with anticancer activities. Eupalinolide O induces cell apoptosis in human MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells.
    Eupalinolide O
  • HY-P5754B
    TAT-NEP1-40 acetate
    		Inhibitor
    TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains.
    TAT-NEP1-40 acetate
  • HY-103611
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 TFA
  • HY-144653
    PDGFR-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.84%
    PDGFR-IN-1 (compound 7m) is a potent and orally active PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.4 and 0.9 nM for PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, respectively. PDGFR-IN-1 displays robust antitumor effects and low toxicity, and can be used to study osteosarcoma.
    PDGFR-IN-1
  • HY-169369
    TRAP-1
    		Inducer 99.69%
    TRAP-1 (XJZ-06-462) is a selective p53Y220C transcriptional activator. TRAP-1 can engage p53Y220C and BRD4 in a ternary complex, which potently activates mutant p53 and triggers robust p53 target gene transcription. TRAP-1 rapidly upregulates p21 and other p53 target genes in pancreatic cell lines with p53Y220C. TRAP-1 exhibits higher antiproliferative activity in BxPC-3 (p53Y220C) cells than in A549 cells (p53WT), with IC50 values of 0.531 μM and 3.94 μM, respectively. TRAP-1 can be used for the study of p53Y220C-bearing cancer.
    TRAP-1
  • HY-N6007
    Chrysosplenol D
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Chrysosplenol D is a methoxy flavonoid that induces ERK1/2-mediated apoptosis in triple negative human breast cancer cells. Chrysosplenol D also exhibits anti-inflammatory and moderate antitrypanosomal activities.
    Chrysosplenol D
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity