2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-131364
    Nur77 modulator 1
    		98.61%
    Nur77 modulator 1 is a good Nur77 binder (KD = 3.58 μM). Nur77 modulator 1 up-regulates Nur77 expression, mediates sub-cellular localization of Nur77, induces Nur77-dependent ER stress and autophagy, and results in cell apoptosis. Anti-hepatoma activity.
    Nur77 modulator 1
  • HY-N1243
    Tubulysin B
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Tubulysin B is a highly cytotoxic peptide and potent microtubule destabilizing agents isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin B has IC50 values in the picomolar range against many cancer cell lines, including those with multidrug resistant properties.Tubulysin B is a cytotoxic activity tubulysin which inhibits tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
    Tubulysin B
  • HY-N0381
    Maackiain
    		Inducer 98.47%
    Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is isolated from Maackia amurensis Rupr.et Maxim. Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is a larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito.xp Parasitol with a LD50 of  21.95 µg/mL. Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) induces fragmentations of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that like a characteristic of apoptosis in the HL-60 cells.
    Maackiain
  • HY-N8190
    6-Hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside
    		Inducer 99.94%
    6-Hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside possesses anticancer activity and induces apoptosis.
    6-Hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-100490
    Rilmenidine
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Rilmenidine, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine induces autophagy. Rilmenidine acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells.
    Rilmenidine
  • HY-B0971
    Pheniramine maleate
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Pheniramine (Prophenpyridamine; Tripoton) maleate is a first-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, acts on the central nervous system (CNS) with sedative and hypnotic effect. Pheniramine maleate displays antitumor effect and induces leukemia cells apoptosis. Pheniramine maleate is also a safe and effective local agent that can suppress or relieve pain, with antipruritic effects.
    Pheniramine maleate
  • HY-113294R
    3-Hydroxykynurenine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    3-Hydroxykynurenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxykynurenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxykynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan, is a potential endogenous neurotoxin whose increased levels have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders. 3-Hydroxykynurenine induces neuronal apoptosis.
    3-Hydroxykynurenine (Standard)
  • HY-159734
    TPP-resveratrol
    		Inducer 99.76%
    TPP-resveratrol is a conjugate of Resveratrol (HY-16561) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) with anticancer activity. TPP-resveratrol increases the potency of Resveratrol through mitochondrial-targeted delivery and induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
    TPP-resveratrol
  • HY-B0835
    Fenobucarb
    		Activator 98.30%
    Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. Fenobucarb induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis. Fenobucarb is a possible risk factor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in animals.
    Fenobucarb
  • HY-162709
    KHKI-01215
    		Inducer 98.78%
    KHKI-01215 is an inhibitor for NUAK2 with an IC50 of 0.052 μM. KHKI-01215 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell SW480 with an IC50 of 3.16 μM, induces apoptosis in SW480. KHKI-01215 inhibits the YAP signaling pathway.
    KHKI-01215
  • HY-N7591
    Millepachine
    		Activator 99.55%
    Millepachine is a bioactive natural chalcone from Chinese herbal medicine Millettia pachycarpa Benth, exhibits strong antitumor effects against numerous human cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
    Millepachine
  • HY-146501
    PARP10/15-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 98.92%
    PARP10/15-IN-2 (Compound 8h) is a potent PARP10 and PARP15 dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.15 µM and 0.37 µM against PARP10 and PARP15, respectively. PARP10/15-IN-2 is able to enter cells and rescue cells from apoptosis.
    PARP10/15-IN-2
  • HY-B0656S
    Rabeprazole-d4
    		Inducer
    Rabeprazole-d4 is a deuterium labeled Rabeprazole. Rabeprazole is a second-generation proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that irreversibly inactivates gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Rabeprazole induces apoptosis. Rabeprazole acts as an uridine nucleoside ribohydrolase (UNH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. Rabeprazole can be used for the research of gastric ulcerations and gastroesophageal reflux.
    Rabeprazole-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-139108
    DCH36_06
    		Inducer 99.19%
    DCH36_06 is a potent and selective p300/CBP inhibitor with IC50s of 0.6 μM and 3.2 μM for p300 and CBP, respectively. DCH36_06 mediated p300/CBP inhibition leading to hypoacetylation on H3K18 in leukemic cells. Anti-tumor activity.
    DCH36_06
  • HY-N2993
    Polyporenic acid C
    		Activator 99.80%
    Polyporenic acid C is a lanostane-type triterpenoid isolated from P. cocos. Polyporenic acid C induces cell apoptosis through the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway without the involvement of the mitochondria. Polyporenic acid C is promising agent for lung cancer therapy.
    Polyporenic acid C
  • HY-131113
    N-Nitrosodibutylamine
    		Activator 99.96%
    N-Nitrosodibutylamine (N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine) is a nitrosamine enriched in the drinking water. N-Nitrosodibutylamine regulates caspase pathway. N-Nitrosodibutylamine induces Apoptosis. N-Nitrosodibutylamine induces hepatocarcinoma and oxidative DNA damage.
    N-Nitrosodibutylamine
  • HY-163786
    PROTAC CDK4/6 degrader 1
    		Inducer 98.88%
    PROTAC CDK4/6 degrader 1 (Compound 7f) is a dual degrader for CDK4 and CDK6 with DC50 of 10.5 and 2.5 nM. PROTAC CDK4/6 degrader 1 inhibits the proliferation of cell Jurkat (IC50 is 0.18 μM), arrests the cell cycle at G1 phase and induces apoptosis. (Pink: ligand for target protein YY173 (HY-163787); Black: linker (HY-163788); Blue: ligand for E3 ligase (HY-10984))
    PROTAC CDK4/6 degrader 1
  • HY-B1984
    p,p'-DDD
    		Inducer 99.71%
    p,p'-DDD (4,4’-DDD) is an organochlorine insecticide, a major metabolite of p,p'-DDT. p,p'-DDD is an agonist at estrogen receptor α(ERα) and ERβ. p,p'-DDD increases DNA damage, apoptosis and necrosis in peripheral blood. p,p'-DDD stimulates cell proliferation in SKBR3 cells. p,p'-DDD activates the AP-1 transcription factor. p,p'-DDD decreases sleep times of barbiturates and steroids in rats.
    p,p'-DDD
  • HY-168641
    PROTAC HIF-1α degrader-1
    		Inducer 98.02%
    PROTAC HIF-1α degrader-1 (compound V2) is a potent hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) PROTAC degrader with an IC50 value of 7.54 µM. PROTAC HIF-1α degrader-1 shows anti-proliferative activity. PROTAC HIF-1α degrader-1 decreases the HIF-1α protein expression. PROTAC HIF-1α degrader-1 induces apoptosis. (Pink: ligand for target protein (HY-111387); black: linker (HY-W013731); Blue: E3 ligase ligand (HY-112078)).
    PROTAC HIF-1α degrader-1
  • HY-110264
    MI-192
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    MI-192 is a selective HDAC2 and HDAC3 inhibitor with IC50s of 30 nM and 16 nM, respectively. MI-192 is more selective for HDAC2/3 than other HDAC isomers.MI-192 induces myeloid leukaemic cells apoptosis. Anticaner and neuroprotective activities.
    MI-192
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity