2. GPCR/G Protein Neuronal Signaling Apoptosis Autophagy
  3. Neuropeptide Y Receptor Apoptosis Ferroptosis Autophagy
  4. Spexin TFA

Spexin (Neuropeptide Q) TFA is a selective agonist of galanin receptors GAL2 and GAL3, and is a conserved peptide that functions as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor. Spexin TFA can function through both central and peripheral actions. Spexin TFA upregulates Beclin 1 to inhibit ferroptosis induced by excessive autophagy, reduces the uptake of long-chain fatty acids by adipocytes, and regulates energy metabolism by increasing lipid oxidation (e.g., reducing the respiratory exchange ratio in rodents). Spexin TFA improves cardiac function in the Doxorubicin hydrochloride (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity model, protects mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Spexin TFA can be used to study obesity and its related metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (e.g., cardioprotection), and side effects of tumor chemotherapy.

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Spexin TFA

Spexin TFA Chemical Structure

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Spexin TFA Related Antibodies

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Description

Spexin (Neuropeptide Q) TFA is a selective agonist of galanin receptors GAL2 and GAL3, and is a conserved peptide that functions as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor. Spexin TFA can function through both central and peripheral actions. Spexin TFA upregulates Beclin 1 to inhibit ferroptosis induced by excessive autophagy, reduces the uptake of long-chain fatty acids by adipocytes, and regulates energy metabolism by increasing lipid oxidation (e.g., reducing the respiratory exchange ratio in rodents). Spexin TFA improves cardiac function in the Doxorubicin hydrochloride (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity model, protects mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Spexin TFA can be used to study obesity and its related metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (e.g., cardioprotection), and side effects of tumor chemotherapy[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

GAL2

 

GAL3

 

In Vitro

Spexin TFA (1 μM; 24 h) increases viability and reduces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) treated with Doxorubicin (HY-15142A), reverses the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulates GPX4/SLC7A11[2].
Spexin TFA (20 ng/mL; 2 h) inhibits long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake in isolated mouse adipocytes[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Spexin TFA Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs)
Concentration: 1 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h; with or without 0.5 μM Doxorubicin
Result: Showed a 35% increase in viability compared to Doxorubicin-treated controls, with reduced LDH release.
In Vivo

Spexin (50 μg/kg; ip; once daily; 4 weeks) TFA improves cardiac function and reduces oxidative stress in a mouse cardiotoxicity model induced by Doxorubicin (5 mg/kg/week; 4 weeks; ip)[2].
Spexin (35 μg/kg/day; subcutaneous injection; 19 days) TFA reduces food intake and weight gain in male Sprague-Dawley rats[3].
Spexin (25 μg/kg/day; ip; 10 days) TFA significantly reduces nocturnal respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and increases exercise capacity in mice[3].
Spexin (70 μg/kg/day; ip; single dose) TFA does not induce aversive effects in a conditioned taste aversion test in female rats[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks old, 20-25 g) with Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity model[2]
Dosage: 50 μg/kg Spexin
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), daily for 4 weeks, starting 24 h after Doxorubicin hydrochloride injection (5 mg/kg/weeks, i.p., 4 weeks; with injectionson days 0, 7, 14 and 28)
Result: Cardiac Function: Echocardiography showed increased ejection fraction (EF) from 45 ± 5% to 58 ± 4% and fractional shortening (FS) from 22 ± 3% to 30 ± 3% in Spexin-treated group compared to doxorubicin control.
Oxidative Stress: Cardiac tissue showed reduced MDA levels (2.5 ± 0.3 nmol/mg protein vs. 3.8 ± 0.4 nmol/mg protein in control) and increased SOD activity (120 ± 10 U/mg protein vs. 90 ± 8 U/mg protein in control).
Histology: H&E staining revealed less myocardial damage and fibrosis in Spexin-treated hearts.
Molecular Weight

1619.88 (free base)

Formula

C74H114N20O19S.xC2HF3O2
Sequence Shortening

NWTPQAMLYLKGAQ-NH2
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
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Spexin TFA Related Classifications

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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

SpexinNeuropeptide QNeuropeptide Y ReceptorApoptosisFerroptosisAutophagyNPY receptor Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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