2. Academic Validation
  3. Mechanistic Modeling of Intramuscular Administration of a Long-acting Injectable Accounting for Tissue Response At the Depot Site

Mechanistic Modeling of Intramuscular Administration of a Long-acting Injectable Accounting for Tissue Response At the Depot Site

  • AAPS J. 2025 Oct 24;28(1):4. doi: 10.1208/s12248-025-01171-1.
Daniela A Silva 1,  Maxime Le Merdy 2,  James Mullin 2,  Nilesh Malavia 3,  Khondoker Alam 4,  Eleftheria Tsakalozou 4,  Abdullah Al Shoyaib 4,  Yan Wang 4,  Diane Burgess 3,  Viera Lukacova 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Simulations Plus, Inc., Research Triangle Park, PO Box 12317, Durham, NC, 27709, USA. daniela.silva@simulations-plus.com.
  • 2 Simulations Plus, Inc., Research Triangle Park, PO Box 12317, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
  • 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
  • 4 Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
PMID: 41136823 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-025-01171-1
Abstract

The tissue response to long-acting injectables (LAIs) suspension injection may impact the product in vivo performance. One such response is the formation of an inflammatory cell layer (ICL) resulting in an envelope around the injected particles. This study aims to use a mechanistic model to describe the clinical in vivo exposure and performance of an intramuscular LAI suspension and evaluate impact of ICL physiological response at the injection site in humans. Aripiprazole lauroxil (AR-L) was used as the model drug. A baseline pharmacokinetics model was built and validated for aripiprazole. The impact of inflammation on the LAI in vivo performance was assessed by including an ICL model. The developed pharmacokinetic model adequately described the observed plasma profiles of AR following intravenous and oral administration in humans. The initial intramuscular predictions assumed that the absorption rate is dependent on the dissolution and partitioning of AR-L into the systemic circulation from the intramuscular (IM) depot. The simulation resulted in a shape mismatch between the simulated and observed data and an earlier predicted Tmax. The inclusion of an ICL in the model resulted in adequate predictions (fold errors less than 25%) of the exposure and shape of the plasma concentration-time profiles. Utilizing a time-dependent change in ICL thickness resulted in reasonable predictions of AR pharmacokinetic profiles following IM administration of multiple strengths of the AR-L suspension. This shows the utility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in mechanistically describing the in vivo performance of LAIs.

Keywords

immune response; intramuscular depot; long-acting injectables.

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