2. Academic Validation
  3. Apoptotic extracellular vesicles derived from human dental pulp stem cells facilitate periodontal tissue regeneration

Apoptotic extracellular vesicles derived from human dental pulp stem cells facilitate periodontal tissue regeneration

  • BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 11;25(1):1150. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06531-z.
Junyi Xia # 1,  Zeyu Zhang # 1,  Jinlong Weng 1,  Guanxiong Zhu 1,  Zidan Xu 1,  Liting Zeng 1,  Janak Lal Pathak 2,  Lina Yu 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
  • 2 Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China. j.pathak@gzhmu.edu.cn.
  • 3 Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China. yulina@gzhmu.edu.cn.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 40646544 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-06531-z
Abstract

Objective: Apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are subcellular structures released during programmed cell death. These vesicles carry rich biological information and regulatory potential, and have demonstrated significance in regulating cell behavior and tissue repair. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are key to regenerating periodontal tissue, and their osteogenic differentiation ability directly influences the repair and reconstruction of periodontal bone tissue. However, the potential of ApoEVs derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs-ApoEVs) to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of hDPSCs-ApoEVs on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, offering new insights and methods for treating periodontal bone tissue injuries, with important scientific and clinical implications.

Methods: hDPSCs-ApoEVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot. In vitro, hPDLSCs were treated with hDPSCs-ApoEVs to determine whether the vesicles could enter hPDLSCs and to assess the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. In vivo, a rat periodontal bone defect model was established, with local injections of hDPSCs-ApoEVs or PBS administered every Other day. After 6 weeks, the maxillae were collected and analyzed using micro-CT and histological staining.

Results: In vitro, hDPSCs-ApoEVs promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. In vivo, treatment with hDPSCs-ApoEVs can enhance the recovery of periodontal bone defects in rats.

Conclusion: hDPSCs-ApoEVs play a significant role in promoting bone regeneration, suggesting their potential as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for periodontal bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords

Apoptotic extracellular vesicles; Dental pulp stem cells; Osteogenic differentiation; Periodontal ligament stem cells; Tissue regeneration.

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