Egg exosome miR-145-5p decreases mitochondrial ROS to protect chicken embryo hepatocytes against apoptosis through targeting MAPK10

Background: Higher embryonic mortality, especially in aged breeding hens, is associated with insufficient hepatic functionality in maintaining redox homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that egg exosome-derived miRNAs may play a key role in modulating embryonic oxidation-reduction process, whereas the exact function and mechanism were still poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of egg exosome miRNAs in maintaining dynamic equilibrium of free radicals and peroxide agents in embryonic liver, as well as demonstrate the specific mechanism using oxidative stress-challenged hepatocytes.

Results: Compared to 36-week-old breeding hens, decreased hatchability and increased embryonic mortality were observed in 65-week-old breeding hens. Meanwhile, the older group showed the increased MDA levels and decreased SOD and GSH-Px activities in embryonic liver, muscle and serum. Embryonic mortality was significantly positively correlated with MDA level and negatively correlated with GSH-Px activity in embryonic liver. In addition, 363 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in embryonic liver, 13 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified in egg exosomes. These DEGs and DE-miRNAs were involved in oxidoreductase activity, glutathione metabolic process, MAPK signaling pathway, Apoptosis and Autophagy. miRNA-mRNA network analysis further found that DEGs targeted by DE-miRNAs were mainly enriched in programmed cell death, such as Apoptosis and Autophagy. Wherein, MAPK10 with highest MCC and AUC values was significantly related to GSH-Px activity and MDA level, and served as the target gene of miR-145-5p based on dual luciferase reporter experiment and correlation analysis. Bioinformatics analysis found that miR-145-5p/MAPK10 axis might alleviate peroxide generation and Apoptosis. In primary hepatocytes of chick embryos, miR-145-5p transfection significantly reversed H₂O₂-induced mitochondrial ROS increase, MAPK10, Bax and CASP3 overexpression and excessive Apoptosis.

Conclusion: Exosome miR-145-5p in eggs could target MAPK10 and decrease mitochondrial ROS, attenuating oxidative damage and Apoptosis in hepatocytes of chick embryos. These findings may provide new theoretical basis for the improvement of maternal physiological status to maintain embryonic redox homeostasis by nutritional or genetic modifications.

Aged breeding hen; Apoptosis; Exosome; Hatchability; MiR-145-5p.