2. Academic Validation
  3. Biological Activities and Phytochemical Profile of Hawm Gra Dang Ngah Rice: Water and Ethanolic Extracts

Biological Activities and Phytochemical Profile of Hawm Gra Dang Ngah Rice: Water and Ethanolic Extracts

  • Foods. 2025 Mar 24;14(7):1119. doi: 10.3390/foods14071119.
Suchanat Chaithong 1,  Pinwadee Sukkarn 2,  Chakkapat Aenglong 3,  Wanwipha Woonnoi 1,  Wanwimol Klaypradit 4,  Wiwit Suttithumsatid 5 6,  Narainrit Chinfak 7,  Jirawat Seatan 1,  Supita Tanasawet 1,  Wanida Sukketsiri 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
  • 2 Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
  • 3 Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology (AFET), Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
  • 4 Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
  • 5 Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
  • 6 Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
  • 7 Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
PMID: 40238298 DOI: 10.3390/foods14071119
Abstract

Hawm Gra Dang Ngah rice (HDNR) is a red rice variety cultivated in Thailand's southern border region, yet its biological properties have not been extensively studied. This study investigates the effects of HDNR extracts on bioactive constituents, spectral fingerprints, and antioxidant capacities. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of aqueous (HDNR-W) and ethanolic (HDNR-E) extracts on Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), α-glucosidase, and HMG-CoA reductase activities, as well as their cytotoxicity in normal and Cancer cells. The results demonstrated that HDNR-E contained significantly higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, Flavonoids, and anthocyanins compared to HDNR-W. In contrast, HDNR-W exhibited greater amino acid content than HDNR-E. FT-IR analysis revealed solvent-specific interactions that influenced compound solubility, highlighting distinct extraction efficiencies. Antioxidant assays showed HDNR-E to be markedly more potent, with superior performance in DPPH, ABTS, metal chelation, and FRAP assays, as evidenced by its lower IC50 values relative to HDNR-W. Furthermore, HDNR-E displayed significantly stronger inhibitory activity against both MAO and α-glucosidase compared to HDNR-W. Conversely, HDNR-W demonstrated greater inhibitory efficacy toward HMG-CoA reductase than HDNR-E. Furthermore, HDNR-E exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against A549 lung Cancer and MCF-7 breast Cancer cells without affecting normal cells. These results highlight the potential of HDNR-E as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and underscore the importance of solvent selection in enhancing the health benefits of rice extracts.

Keywords

antioxidant activity; antiproliferative; breast cancer; colored rice; lung cancer.

Figures
Products