2. Academic Validation
  3. Ethyl linoleate from garlic attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 cells

Ethyl linoleate from garlic attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 cells

  • Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Apr;19(2):253-61. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.017.
Sun Young Park 1,  Rajasekar Seetharaman 2,  Min Jung Ko 2,  Do Yeon Kim 2,  Tae Hoon Kim 2,  Moo Kyoung Yoon 3,  Jung Ho Kwak 3,  Sang Joon Lee 4,  Yoe Sik Bae 5,  Young Whan Choi 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Korea BIO-IT Foundry Center, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
  • 2 Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea.
  • 3 National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 440-706, Republic of Korea.
  • 4 Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
  • 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
  • 6 Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ywchoi@pusan.ac.kr.
PMID: 24508058 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.017
Abstract

In the present study, an essential fatty acid, ethyl linoleate (ELA), was isolated from the cloves of Allium sativum, and its structure was elucidated by NMR and GC-MS analyses. In vitro systems were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ELA. Our results indicate that ELA down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and thereby reduces nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Immunofluorescent microscopy and western blot analyses revealed that these effects were mediated by impaired translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inhibition of phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases. Furthermore, ELA exerted its anti-inflammatory activity by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as determined by HO-1 small interfering (Si) RNA system. Si RNA-mediated knock-down of HO-1 abrogated the inhibitory effects of ELA on the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages. These findings indicate the potential therapeutic use of ELA as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Keywords

Allium sativum; Anti-inflammation; Cyclooxygenase-2; Ethyl linoleate; Heme oxygenase-1; Inducible nitric oxide synthase.

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