2. Apoptosis
  3. Caspase Apoptosis
  4. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride  (Synonyms: O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride)

Cat. No.: HY-B0762 Purity: 99.95%
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Handling Instructions Technical Support

Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 5080-50-2

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
Solid
1 g In-stock
5 g In-stock
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50 g   Get quote  

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Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride:

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target[1]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Cell Viability and Apoptosis:
Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (1 mM; 30 min) significantly inhibits 1 μg/mL Doxycycline (HY-N0565)-induced caspase-3/9 activation, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis, and maintains glutathione levels in thioredoxin TRX2-deficient DT40 cells[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[3]

Cell Line: Rat neuronal cells
Concentration: 1-100 μM
Incubation Time: 3 days
Result: Inhibited mitochondrial activity in all regions.
In Vivo

Acetyl-L-carnitine (100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once daily; 14 days) hydrochloride significantly alleviates brain damage in the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model of neonatal rats, improves neurological function, reduced oxidative stress levels, and decreases cell apoptosis[2].
Acetyl-L-carnitine (300 mg/kg; oral gavage; once daily; 28 days) hydrochloride improves cognitive function in the cognitive impairment model of aged rats, enhances synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Zebrafish subjected to UCS[1]
Dosage: 0.1 mg/L
Administration: diluted in water, 10 min per day for 7 days
Result: Protected from oxidative lipid damage and reversed decreased non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity induced by stress.
Molecular Weight

239.70

Formula

C9H18ClNO4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](OC(C)=O)CC([O-])=O.[H]Cl
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 100 mg/mL (417.19 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 31.25 mg/mL (130.37 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.1719 mL 20.8594 mL 41.7188 mL
5 mM 0.8344 mL 4.1719 mL 8.3438 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

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Volume (start)

V1

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C2

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Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.68 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.68 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (417.19 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 4.1719 mL 20.8594 mL 41.7188 mL 104.2970 mL
5 mM 0.8344 mL 4.1719 mL 8.3438 mL 20.8594 mL
10 mM 0.4172 mL 2.0859 mL 4.1719 mL 10.4297 mL
15 mM 0.2781 mL 1.3906 mL 2.7813 mL 6.9531 mL
20 mM 0.2086 mL 1.0430 mL 2.0859 mL 5.2149 mL
25 mM 0.1669 mL 0.8344 mL 1.6688 mL 4.1719 mL
30 mM 0.1391 mL 0.6953 mL 1.3906 mL 3.4766 mL
40 mM 0.1043 mL 0.5215 mL 1.0430 mL 2.6074 mL
50 mM 0.0834 mL 0.4172 mL 0.8344 mL 2.0859 mL
60 mM 0.0695 mL 0.3477 mL 0.6953 mL 1.7383 mL
80 mM 0.0521 mL 0.2607 mL 0.5215 mL 1.3037 mL
100 mM 0.0417 mL 0.2086 mL 0.4172 mL 1.0430 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Acetyl-L-carnitine5080-50-2O-Acetyl-L-carnitineALCARCaspaseApoptosisblood-brainanti-apoptotic effectsneuronal survivalmitochondrial activitydietary supplementInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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