2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W127530R
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    α-Tocopherol phosphate (Standard) (alpha-Tocopherol phosphate (Standard)) disodium is the analytical standard of α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium (HY-W127530). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium is an antioxidant that protects against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium exhibits angiogenesis-promoting activity.
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium (Standard)
  • HY-155062
    IR-251
    		Inducer
    IR-251 is a mitochondrion-targeting NIR fluorescent probe. IR-251 targets mitochondria via OATPs and causes mitochondrial damage in tumor cells. IR-251 IR-251 induced ROS overproduction by inhibiting PPARγ, and then inhibiting the β-catenin signaling pathway and downstream protein molecules related to the cell cycle and metastasis. IR-251 inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis.
    IR-251
  • HY-129694
    Lenoremycin
    		Inducer
    Lenoremycin (Ro 21-6150) is a microbial metabolite. Lenoremycin decreases β-catenin and cyclin D1 proteins levels. Lenoremycin decreases cancer stem cells (CSCs) populations via inducing reactive oxygen species production.
    Lenoremycin
  • HY-13653S
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-13C3
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is a tea flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is reported to inhibit EGFR signaling and thereby exert anticancer effects. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) inhibitor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by activating cytochrome c oxidase.
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-P10622
    SHLP-3
    		Inhibitor
    SHLP-3 is a mitochondrial derived peptide encoded by the 16S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. SHLP-3 increases cell viability and reduces apoptosis in insulinoma NIT-1β cells and human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells. SHLP-3 increases mitochondrial function and exerts cytoprotective effects by increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), cellular ATP and reducing the ability to produce ROS. SHLP-3 can be used in the study of diabetes and cancer.
    SHLP-3
  • HY-139860
    Anticancer agent 15
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 15 is capable of significantly increasing the cellular level of ROS and inducing melanoma cancer cell death via necroptosis.
    Anticancer agent 15
  • HY-P0104
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect .
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38
  • HY-N8698R
    Picein (Standard)
    Picein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Picein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Picein, isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa, is a naturally occurring antioxidant.
    Picein (Standard)
  • HY-147811
    Heterophdoid A
    		Inhibitor
    Heterophdoid A (Compound 1) is an anti-inflammatory agent. Heterophdoid A inhibits NO production with an IC50 of 5.93 μM in BV-2 cells.
    Heterophdoid A
  • HY-175257
    Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1
    		Inducer
    Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 is a PARP-1 inhibitor. Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 enhances DNA damage, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and S-phase arrest, along with reducing invasion and metastasis in cells. Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 exhibits superior antitumor activity in the xenograft SKOV3-BRCA1-KD tumor model. Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 can be used for the study of ovarian cancer.
    Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1
  • HY-N16372
    Pronqodine A
    		Inducer
    Pronqodine A is an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 131.5 nM. Pronqodine A inhibits bradykinin-induced release of PGE2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, PGD2 and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human synovial sarcoma SW982 cells. Pronqodine A is a good substrate for human quinone reductase NQO1. Pronqodine A can be used for the study of inflammation.
    Pronqodine A
  • HY-W040971R
    Creosol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Creosol (Standard) (2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Creosol (HY-W040971). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Creosol (2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol) is an endogenous metabolite that acts as an important chemical intermediate and potential biofuel mainly derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Creosol is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    Creosol (Standard)
  • HY-163077
    Anticancer agent 175
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 175 (complex 1) ia a near-infrared (NIR) luminescent theranostic complex. Anticancer agent 175 induces ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, disruption of Bax/Bcl-2 equilibrium, and tumor cell apoptosis in HepG2 cell line.
    Anticancer agent 175
  • HY-178448
    EGFR-IN-178
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-178 is an orally active EGFR mutant inhibitor, exhibits highly selective inhibitory activity against mutants of the EGFR enzyme, including Del19 (IC50 = 3.4 nM), L858R/T790 M (IC50 = 2.9 nM), and Del19/T790 M (IC50 = 2.5 nM). EGFR-IN-178 has good activity against JAK2 (IC50 = 55.6 nM) and JAK3 (IC50 = 46.1 nM) kinases. EGFR-IN-178 can increase cellular lipid oxide MDA, meanwhile decrease GSH content, causing ferroptosis in cancer cells. EGFR-IN-178 promotes apoptosis by increasing cleaved caspase-3 expression. EGFR-IN-178 can inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR protein and decrease the active form p-JAK2 for JAK2, induce an increase in intracellular ROS. EGFR-IN-178 can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    EGFR-IN-178
  • HY-157437
    AChE/BChE-IN-16
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE-IN-16 (compound C7) is a potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor with IC50s of 30 nM and 48 nM for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), respectively. AChE/BChE-IN-16 exhibits a remarkable capacity to safeguard PC12 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis and effectively suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    AChE/BChE-IN-16
  • HY-N1428CR
    Ferric citrate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Cephradine (monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cephradine (monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cephradine (Cefradine) monohydrate is a broad-spectrum and orally active cephalosporin. Cephradine monohydrate is active against both grampositive and gram-negative pathogens and effective in eradicating most penicillinase-producing organisms known to be resistant to penicillin G, penicillin V, and ampicillin. Cephradine monohydrate has been used in the research of genitourinary, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections, and in infections of the skin and soft tissues. Cephradine monohydrate blocks solar-ultraviolet induced skin inflammation through direct inhibition of TOPK.
    Ferric citrate (Standard)
  • HY-168875
    TrxR1 prodrug-1
    TrxR1 prodrug-1 (compound 5u) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR1. TrxR1 prodrug-1 exhibits significant antitumor efficiency in nude mice and NSCLC organoids.
    TrxR1 prodrug-1
  • HY-171955
    LXG6403
    		Inducer
    LXG6403 is an orally active and irreversible LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 1.3 μM). LXG6403 is ~3.5-fold more specific for LOX than LOXL2 and does not inhibit LOXL1. LXG6403 inhibits FAK signaling and induces ROS generation and DNA damage, leading to G1 arrest and apoptosis in chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. LXG6403 alters the extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen structure, reducing collagen cross-linking and deposition, thereby increasing drug penetration and reducing tumor stiffness. LXG6403 overcomes Doxorubicin (HY-15142) resistance in chemoresistant TNBC PDX in vivo and can be used to study high-stiffness resistant tumors.
    LXG6403
  • HY-P11114
    Periplanetasin-4
    		Inhibitor
    Periplanetasin-4 is an antimicrobial peptide that can be derived from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Periplanetasin-4 reduces cell rounding and apoptosis. Periplanetasin-4 blocks Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced ROS production and the activation of downstream p38 MAPK and p21. Periplanetasin-4 significantly increases mitochondrial calcium level, reduces DPH fluorescence intensity and vacuolar dysfunction in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 cells. Periplanetasin-4 significantly ameliorates toxin A-induced mucosal damage in the mouse gut. Periplanetasin-4 can be used for the study of colitis.
    Periplanetasin-4
  • HY-155137
    CHBO4
    CHBO4 is a potent, reversible, competitive, and selective hMAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM in CHBO subseries and an Ki value of 0.010 ± 0.005 μM. CHBO4 reduce cell damage by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). CHBO4 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research.
    CHBO4
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity