2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-173221
    MJ210
    		Inhibitor
    MJ210 is a modulator of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways with oral activity and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and it exhibits neuroprotective activity. In vitro, 5 μM of MJ210 can increase the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells treated with Rotenone (HY-B1756) to 81.9% and reduce the level of ROS, etc. In vivo, 5 mg/kg of MJ210 can improve the motor impairment in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. MJ210 can be used in the research of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease.
    MJ210
  • HY-178925
    PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5
    		Activator
    PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 is an efficient and highly selective GPX4 PROTAC degrader (DC50 = 28 nM). PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 can induce ferroptosis and has low toxicity to normal cells. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 can significantly increase ROS. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 exerts anti proliferative effects on various tumor cells. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 is commonly used in cancer research. (Pink: GPX4 Ligand (HY-179294); Blue: Hyt Hydrophobic group (HY-N2427); Black: Linker (HY-W047688))
    PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5
  • HY-N0515R
    Ophiopogonin D (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ophiopogonin D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ophiopogonin D. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ophiopogonin D can be isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus, is a rare naturally occurring C29 steroidal glycoside. Ophiopogonin D is a CYP2J3 inducer that significantly inhibits Ang II induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα down-regulation, intracellular Ca2+ overload and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by increasing the expression of CYP2J2/EETs and PPARα in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ophiopogonin D can inhibit isteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Ophiopogonin D has protective effect as an antioxidant in H2O2-induced endothelial injury. Ophiopogonin D blocks ERK signaling cascades. Ophiopogonin D alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and changes the structure of gut microbiota in mice. Ophiopogonin D has been used against inflammatory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
    Ophiopogonin D (Standard)
  • HY-N0513R
    Loganic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Loganic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Loganic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway, activates Nrf2 signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity. Loganic acid is orally active.
    Loganic acid (Standard)
  • HY-135849C
    Catalase, trichoderma reesei
    Catalase, Trichoderma reesei, is a catalase enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). Catalase is mainly present in peroxisomes and shuttles between the cytoplasm and peroxisomes, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. Abnormal activity or expression of catalase is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer.
    Catalase, trichoderma reesei
  • HY-161488
    Eugenol/BSA
    Eugenol/BSA is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Eugenol/BSA
  • HY-14914S1
    Azilsartan-d4
    Azilsartan-d4 is the deuterium labeled Azilsartan. Azilsartan is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-147915
    Benz-AP
    		Activator
    Benz-AP is a potent photosensitizer. Benz-AP produces singlet oxygen, with a negative correlation with hCES2 (Human carboxylesterase 2) activity. Benz-AP displays a higher photocytotoxicity potency in cancer cells under low hCES2 environments. Upon TPE (Two-photon excitation), Benz-AP produces ROS and kills cancer cells and tumor spheroids.
    Benz-AP
  • HY-W014423R
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-N11771
    Glyurallin B
    		Inhibitor
    Glyurallin B is a flavonoid, that can be isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Glyurallin B shows ABTS+ radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation, with EC50 values of 11.9 ± 0.58 μM and 15.3 ± 1.26 μM, respectivley.
    Glyurallin B
  • HY-P1934AR
    Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gallic acid (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay.
    Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) (Standard)
  • HY-N0521R
    (-)-Gallocatechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Gallocatechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Gallocatechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Gallocatechin, an epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), is contained in various tea products. (-)-Gallocatechin has antioxidant activities. (-)-Gallocatechin is the main active component in green tea extract (HTP-GTE) responsible for its effect of improving age-related cognitive impairments involving protein kinase A (PKA) pathway.
    (-)-Gallocatechin (Standard)
  • HY-174419
    TFSeB
    		Inhibitor
    TFSeB is an orally active neuroprotective agent. TFSeB can reduce Streptozotocin (STZ) (HY-13753) induced MAO-B and AChE activity. TFSeB exerts neuroprotective effects by increasing the expression of BCL-2, BDNF, NRF2, and decreasing the expression of BAX. TFSeB can reduce lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. TFSeB can reduce neuroinflammation. TFSeB can be used for research on Alzheimer’s disease.
    TFSeB
  • HY-125953
    Ceramide (Egg)
    Ceramide (Egg) is an intermediate of lipid. Ceramide (Egg) can be synthesized either by de novo biosynthesis or by salvage. Ceramide (Egg) level is associated with inflammation, ROS production and apoptosis. Ceramide (Egg) can be studied in research on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis.
    Ceramide (Egg)
  • HY-128741S
    D-Allose-13C
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose-13C is the 13C labeled D-Allose (HY-128741). D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-113224R
    Desmosterol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Desmosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Desmosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism [1]. Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases [1][2][3].
    Desmosterol (Standard)
  • HY-146067
    β-Nor-lapachone
    		Activator
    β-Nor-lapachone is a Candida glabrata antibiofilm agent. β-Nor-lapachone can stimulate ROS production, inhibits efflux activity, adhesion, biofilm formation and the metabolism of mature biofilms of Candida glabrata. β-Nor-lapachone has antifungal activity.
    β-Nor-lapachone
  • HY-116730
    CHS-111
    		Inhibitor
    CHS-111 is a benzyl indazole inhibitor of superoxide anion O2- generation. CHS-111 inhibits the cell migration, and reduces the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe- but not phorbol ester-stimulated phospholipase D activity, with the IC50 of 3.9 μM.
    CHS-111
  • HY-175593
    M6766
    		Inducer
    M6766 is a selective endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1α (ERO1α) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM and a KD of 1.1 μM. M6766 also inhibits ERO1β with an IC50 of 7.2 μM. M6766 binds to the flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding pocket in ERO1α. M6766 inhibits granule secretion, αIIbβ3 integrin activation, Ca2+ mobilization, and platelet aggregation. M6766 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as ischemic stroke.
    M6766
  • HY-133968S1
    24-Methylenecholesterol-13C
    		Inhibitor
    24-Methylenecholesterol-13C (Ostreasterol-13C) is the 13C labeled 24-Methylenecholesterol (HY-133968). 24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth.
    24-Methylenecholesterol-<sup>13</sup>C
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity