2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W745979
    Sulcotrione-d7
    Sulcotrione-d7 is the deuterium labeled Sulcotrione (HY-107368). Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).
    Sulcotrione-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-122006
    NPD926
    		Activator
    NPD926 is a small molecule that targets glutathione and induces cancer cell death. The Xc- system and glutathione are therapeutic targets in cancer. NPD926 causes cellular glutathione depletion and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby sensitizing fibroblasts to Xc- system inhibitors. NPD926 is a ROS inducer with anticancer activity..
    NPD926
  • HY-W758421
    Diquat-d8(dibromide)
    Diquat-d8 dibromide is a deuterium labeled Diquat dibromide (HY-122984). Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds.
    Diquat-d<sub>8</sub>(dibromide)
  • HY-N16465
    Cinnamtannin D1
    		Inhibitor
    Cinnamtannin D1 is an orally active polyphenolic compound with immunosuppressive activity. Cinnamtannin D1 regulates the balance of Th17/Treg cells by inhibiting AHR expression. Cinnamtannin D1 reduces apoptosis and ROS in INS-1 cells and primary cultured murine islets induced by Palmitic acid (PA) (HY-N0830). Cinnamtannin D1 reduces Th17 cell differentiation via downregulating p-STAT3/RORγt and promotes Treg cell differentiation via upregulating p-STAT5/Foxp3. Cinnamtannin D1 exerts excellent anti-arthritic efficacy in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of mice. Cinnamtannin D1 can be used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
    Cinnamtannin D1
  • HY-B0691
    Ecabet
    		Inhibitor
    Ecabet sodium (TA-2711) is currently applied to some clinical gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the ROS production and improving Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ecabet sodium reduces apoptosis
    Ecabet
  • HY-N0701R
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard)
    		Activator
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Asarinin (HY-N0701). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Asarinin is a tetrahydrofurofurano lignan with various biological activities. (-)-Asarinin induces apoptosis in cancer cells. (-)-Asarinin promotes mitochondrial ROS accumulation, inhibits the STAT3 signaling pathway and induces apoptosis in precancerous cells. (-)-Asarinin is a Src family kinase inhibitor that suppresses mast cell activation. (-)-Asarinin is a non-competitive Δ5-desaturase inhibitor with a Ki of 0.28 mM. (-)-Asarinin possesses pain relief, anti-viral, anti-allergic and anti-tuberculous bacilli, and anti-tumor effects.
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard)
  • HY-159966
    Top/HDAC-IN-3
    Top/HDAC-IN-3 (Compound 31) is an orally active dual inhibitor of Topoisomerase and HDAC. Top/HDAC-IN-3 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to DNA damage, thereby inhibiting cancer cell colony formation and migration, inducing cancer cell Apoptosis, and causing cell cycle arrest. In the NSCLC model, Top/HDAC-IN-3 exhibited significant antitumor effects, with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 77.5% at 100 mg/kg, surpassing the efficacy of the HDAC inhibitor SAHA (HY-10221) and the combination of SAHA (HY-10221) with the topoisomerase inhibitor Irinotecan (HY-16562).
    Top/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-W749844
    Homoeriodictyol chalcone
    		Substrate
    Homoeriodictyol chalcone (2',4,4',6'-Tetrahydroxy-3-methoxychalcone; 3-Methoxy-2',4',6',4-tetrahydroxychalcone) is a non-selective antioxidant radical scavenger that neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS). Homoeriodictyol chalcone is promising for research of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s), inflammatory disorders, and cancers.
    Homoeriodictyol chalcone
  • HY-168011
    GPX4-IN-14
    		Activator
    GPX4-IN-14 (compound 2c) is an inhibitor of GPX4, with free radical scavenging activity (maximum scavenging rate is 72.52%) and anti-tumor proliferation activity in vitro. GPX4-IN-14 inhibits GPX4 protein, increases lipid peroxide levels and intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, thereby inducing ferroptosis and exerting anti-tumor proliferation effects.
    GPX4-IN-14
  • HY-116920
    Alyssin
    		Activator
    Alyssin, found in Cruciferous Vegetables, exerts anticancer activity in HepG2 by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and tubulin depolymerization.
    Alyssin
  • HY-B1245R
    Salsalate (Standard)
    Salsalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salsalate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salsalate, a non-acetylated salicylate, is an effective antirheumatic agent that bypasses gastric absorption and also avoids cyclooxygenase inhibition. Salsalate has anti-inflammatory activity and reduces glucose levels, insulin resistance, and cytokine expression. Salsalate can be used in the research of type 2 diabetes.
    Salsalate (Standard)
  • HY-174345
    Ferroptosis inducer-8
    		Activator
    Ferroptosis inducer-8 is a ferroptosis inducer with high selectivity for other cell death mechanism. Ferroptosis inducer-8 induces ferroptosis by affecting ACSL4, GPX4, and FTH1, thereby disrupting intracellular iron homeostasis and the GSH/GPX4 antioxidant defense system, ultimately leading to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis inducer-8 also induces ROS production. Ferroptosis inducer-8 inhibits tumor growth and can be used for research of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    Ferroptosis inducer-8
  • HY-W778335
    Dimethyl phthalate-13C2
    Dimethyl Phthalate-13C2 (DMP-13C2) is the 13C-labeled Dimethyl phthalate (HY-N7106). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-175591
    Photosensitizer-7
    		Activator
    Photosensitizer-7 is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted photosensitizer (PS) (λab = 610 nm, λem = 622 nm). Photosensitizer-7shows an IC50 of 4.006 μM in HeLa cells and 3.28 μM in MCF-7 cells under light irradiation. Photosensitizer-7 exhibits dose-dependent cellular uptake and predominant colocalization with ER. Photosensitizer-7 induces dose-dependent intracellular ROS generation, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases apoptosis upon light irradiation in cells. Photosensitizer-7 significantly inhibits tumor growth in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice. Photosensitizer-7 can be used for the study of photodynamic anticancer applications.
    Photosensitizer-7
  • HY-162451
    Antibacterial agent 207
    		Inducer
    Antibacterial agent 207 (Compound Ru1) has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 1 μg/mL), and low resistance frequencies. Antibacterial agent 207 destroys the bacterial cell membrane, promote production of ROS in bacteria.
    Antibacterial agent 207
  • HY-177268
    CHNQD-01426
    		Inducer
    CHNQD-01426 (Compound 4a) is an anticancer agent. CHNQD-01426 has cytotoxic activities against cancer cells. CHNQD-01426 significantly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation via arresting S and G2/M phase cell cycle and induces apoptosis by inducing ROS production and elevating apoptosis-related proteins expression. CHNQD-01426 potently inhibits tumor growth in HepG2 xenograft mice model.
    CHNQD-01426
  • HY-W777084
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-13C3
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-13C3 ((E)-O-Methylferulic acid-13C3) is the 13C-labeled (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (HY-N1778A). (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic effects.
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-146516
    Anticancer agent 42
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 42 (compound 10d) is an orally active anticancer agent, and shows a potent antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cell with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. Anticancer agent 42 can exert its anticancer activity by activating apoptotic pathway and p53 expression. Anticancer agent 42 can be used to study metastatic breast cancer.
    Anticancer agent 42
  • HY-44178S
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d9 is the deuterium labeled Diethyl butylmalonate (HY-44178). Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC50-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-N11948
    Simmondsin
    		Inhibitor
    Simmondsin, derived from the jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis), has been shown to decrease food intake and body weight in rats without any noticeable adverse effects.
    Simmondsin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity