2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-139207
    Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride
    Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride
  • HY-173307
    Nrf2 activator 19
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2 activator 19 is a BBB-penetrable NRF2/HO-1 activator. Nrf2 activator 19 exerts potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Nrf2 activator 19 can also effectively reduce brain damage, reduce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation. Nrf2 activator 19 inhibits neuronal apoptosis. Nrf2 activator 19 promotes the recovery of neurological function and motor ability. Nrf2 activator 19 shows significant potential in ischemic stroke research.
    Nrf2 activator 19
  • HY-159111
    KS124
    		Inducer
    KS124 (compound 3) is a potent ALDH inhibitor. KS124 shows inhibition for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, ALDH3A1. KS124 shows antiproliferative activity. KS124 induces apoptosis and ROS production.
    KS124
  • HY-N9534
    Xylopine
    		Activator 98.0%
    Xylopine is an aporphine alkaloid with cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. Xylopine induces oxidative stress, causes G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Xylopine
  • HY-149998
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antimycobacterial agent-5 (compound 27) is an imidazopyridine amide targeting mycobacterial electron transport chain (ETC) airway CIII2CIV2 supercomplexes. The IC50 value of Antimycobacterial agent-5 against Mycobacterium smegmatisCIII2CIV2 is 441 nM.
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
  • HY-N2585
    Isodeoxyelephantopin
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Isodeoxyelephantopin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Elephantopus scaber. Isodeoxyelephantopin induces ROS generation, suppresses NF-κB activation. Isodeoxyelephantopin also modulates LncRNA expression and exhibit activities against breast cancer.
    Isodeoxyelephantopin
  • HY-179023
    CDK9-IN-45
    		Activator
    CDK9-IN-45 (Compound B11) is a highly selective CDK9 inhibitor with IC50 values for CDK9 and CDK1 of 7.13 and 489.5 nM respectively. CDK9-IN-45 exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer cells. CDK9-IN-45 induces cell apoptosis and leads to significant accumulation of ROS. CDK9-IN-45 activates Caspase-3, downregulates Mcl-1, XIAP, and c-Myc. CDK9-IN-45 can be used for research on colorectal cancer.
    CDK9-IN-45
  • HY-167825
    Barakol
    		Inducer
    Barakol is a major compound found in Cassia siamea. Barakol inhibits MMP-3 activity. Barakol potentiates the anti-metastatic effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142). Barakol induces apoptosis, with ROS generation, increase in expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-9 activation. Barakol has laxative, anxiolytic, CNS depressant, and antioxidant, anticancer effects.
    Barakol
  • HY-175757
    HsClpP activator-2
    		Inducer
    HsClpP activator-2 is an orally active HsClpP agonist with a KD of 40 nM. HsClpP activator-2 potently inhibits SCLC cells including H69 (IC50 = 0.17 μM) and H82 (IC50 = 0.19 μM). HsClpP activator-2 disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as induces apoptosis and ROS in H82 cells. HsClpP activator-2 significantly inhibits tumor growth in non-SMC xenograft models with a tumor growth inhibition. HsClpP activator-2 can be used for the study of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).
    HsClpP activator-2
  • HY-178941
    DHODH-IN-32
    		Activator
    DHODH-IN-32 (Compound A1) is a DHODH inhibitor. DHODH-IN-32 shows significant cytotoxicity against NCI-60 cell lines, especially being sensitive to breast cancer, prostate cancer and leukemia cell lines. DHODH-IN-32 can induce cell apoptosis by activating the Caspase pathway. DHODH-IN-32 causes G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits cellular metabolism by ROS. DHODH-IN-32 exhibits significant anti-tumor properties in mouse breast cancer models. DHODH-IN-32 can be used for the study of breast cancer.
    DHODH-IN-32
  • HY-178431
    MT-44
    		Inducer
    MT-44 is a highly selective and potent mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 49.4 nM. MT-44 can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion. MT-44 can induce cells apoptosis and ROS production and cause G2/M phase arrest. MT-44 can activate the cGAS/STING pathway. MT-44 can be used for the research of cancer, such as triple-negative breast cancer.
    MT-44
  • HY-B0916S
    Propoxur-d3
    		Activator
    Propoxur-d3 is the deuterated form of Propoxur (HY-B0916). Propoxur is a reversible, competitive, orally active AChE inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Propoxur inhibits AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity, while promoting MMP-2 expression and enhancing tumor cell migration and invasion by inducing intracellular ROS generation and activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. On the one hand, Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and causing neurological dysfunction; on the other hand, it promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation through ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and upregulates MMP-2 and other invasion-related proteins. Propoxur is also a carbamate insecticide used to combat turf, forestry, and household pests.
    Propoxur-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-170572
    PB01
    		Inhibitor
    PB01 is a DPP-4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 15.66 nM. It effectively inhibits high glucose-induced ROS production and mitochondrial superoxide formation while significantly reducing cellular DPP-4 expression. PB01 can also significantly lower blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Additionally, PB01 demonstrates good safety, exhibiting almost no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 μM. PB01 holds potential for research in the field of diabetes.
    PB01
  • HY-162319
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 (compound 9n) is a dual Tubulin and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.73, 0.43, 0.62, 2.34 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, respectively. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 inhibits the tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine binding site. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces a significant elevation of intracellular ROS levels. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 shows anti-angiogenesis activity and anticancer activity.
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-N6872R
    Actein (Standard)
    		Activator
    Actein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Actein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo.
    Actein (Standard)
  • HY-N12649
    Timosaponin E2
    		Inhibitor
    Timosaponin E2 is an antiinflammatory agent, and inhibits active oxygen production.
    Timosaponin E2
  • HY-163880
    EGFR-IN-119
    		Inhibitor
    EGFR-IN-119 (Compound 5l) is an inhibitor for EGFR with an IC50 of 84.3 nM. EGFR-IN-119 inhibits the cytotoxicity in lung cancer cell A549 with an IC50 of 1.34 μM. EGFR-IN-119 downregulates the expressions of EGFR, KRAS, and MAP2K genes, exhibits antioxidant activity through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hyperpolarizes the mitochondrial membrane potential.
    EGFR-IN-119
  • HY-174827
    POLRMT-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    POLRMT-IN-2 is a potent POLRMT inhibitor. POLRMT-IN-2 exhibits strong antiproliferative activity in MOLM-13 cells, with an IC50 of 1.01 μM. POLRMT-IN-2 disrupts mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in MOLM-13cells. POLRMT-IN-2 can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).
    POLRMT-IN-2
  • HY-149404
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
    		99.83%
    Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) is a potent, non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and Ki value of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) have the highest radical scavenging activity to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an IC50 value of 25.39 ± 0.77 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) can be used for anti-browning substances in the food and agricultural sectors.
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
  • HY-155785
    MTP
    		Inducer
    MTP is a PKM2 inhibitor. MTP induces cancer cell apoptosis by modulating caspase-3 activation. MTP induces autophagy and increases ROS generation. MTP also inhibits JAK2 signaling. MTP can be used for research of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    MTP
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity