2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0860R
    Diuron (Standard)
    		Activator
    Diuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diuron (HY-B0860). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diuron is an orally active phenylurea herbicide. Diuron inhibits photosynthesis in plants by blocking the formation of ATP and NADH. Diuron increases the production of ROS. Diuron increases expression of p53 in certain cell lines. Diuron has herbicidal activity against annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Diuron promotes DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer. Diuron can be used in breast cancer research.
    Diuron (Standard)
  • HY-P1184
    HNGF6A
    		Inhibitor
    HNGF6A is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.
    HNGF6A
  • HY-171272
    PRDX1-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    PRDX1-IN-3 (compound 19-048) is a PRDX1 covalent inhibitor with anti-colorectal cancer activity. PRDX1-IN-3 can effectively inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, and its antitumor effect on nude mice with colorectal cancer carrying PRDX1 gene knockout is significantly reduced. PRDX1-IN-3 also upregulates the downstream genes of the p53 signaling pathway to exert an anticancer effect.
    PRDX1-IN-3
  • HY-N12653
    Exserohilone
    		Inhibitor
    Exserohilone ((-)-Exserohilone) is a thiodiketopiperazine derivative that exhibits the inhibition of TNF-α-induced ROS generation and MMP-1 secretion. Exserohilone increases the procollagen type I α1 secretion in human dermal fibroblasts.
    Exserohilone
  • HY-176726
    ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2
    		Inducer
    ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2 is a photosensitizer-linker conjugate which consists of ZnPcPs (HY-176725) and a linker (HY-W040165). ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2 can be used to synthesize the photo-activated BRD4 degrader pZnPc-O3-JQ1 (HY-176724).
    ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2
  • HY-P10821
    Myr-Tat-PKCβII
    		Inhibitor
    Myr-Tat-PKCβII is a cell permeable protein kinase C β II peptide inhibitor. Myr-Tat-PKCβII mitigates the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat ex-vivo and porcine in-vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Myr-Tat-PKCβII
  • HY-W040028
    Cartap hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Cartap hydrochloride, an organonitrogen insecticide, can cause a marked irreversible Ca2+-dependent contracture in both isolated mouse and rabbit phrenic nerve-diaphragms. Cartap hydrochloride significantly increases the level of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 cells.
    Cartap hydrochloride
  • HY-120251
    Leteprinim
    		Inhibitor
    Leteprinim (AIT-082 free acid), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinal cord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species.
    Leteprinim
  • HY-130691
    MitoP bromide
    MitoP bromide is the reaction product of MitoB with H2O2. A high MitoP/MitoB ratio indicates that the mitochondria have a high average level of H2O2.
    MitoP bromide
  • HY-161934
    PARP1-IN-27
    		Inducer
    PARP1-IN-27 (Compound 9B) is the inhibitor for PARP1 and PARP2, with IC50 of 2.53 nM and 6.45 nM in cell SUM149PT. PARP1-IN-27 inhibits the proliferation of BRCA-mutated cancer cells SUM149PT, HCC1937 and Capan-1, with IC50 of 0.62, 1.91 and 4.26 μM respectively. PARP1-IN-27 aggravates DNA double-strand breaks, increases ROS generation, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in SUM149PT.
    PARP1-IN-27
  • HY-172116
    Mitochondria modulator-2
    		Inducer
    Mitochondria modulator-2 (Compound Ir1) induces the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, induces ROS generation, inhibits cell migration of A549, arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in A549.
    Mitochondria modulator-2
  • HY-B1315S
    Carbaryl-d3
    		Inducer
    Carbaryl-d3 is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide. X
    Carbaryl-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-168962
    HDAC-IN-88
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-88 (Compound HJ-9) is the inhibitor for HDAC that inhibits HDAC6, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC8 and HDAC3 with IC50s of 0.226, 1.103, 2.308, 3.255 and 3.864 μM, respectively. HDAC-IN-88 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell HepG2, HCT116 and MV4-11 with IC50 of 5.47, 9.78 and 0.38 μM, inhibits the migration of HCT116, arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy in MV4-11. HDAC-IN-88 reduces ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential. HDAC-IN-88 exhibits antimalarial activity that inhibits P. falciparum 3D7 with EC50 of 165 nM. HDAC-IN-88 also exhibits anti-angiogenic activity.
    HDAC-IN-88
  • HY-28325
    AMC-04
    		Inducer
    AMC-04 is an unfolded protein response (UPR) activator, which activates UPR pathway through ROS and p38 MAPK signaling and induces apoptotic cell death. AMC-04 can be used for cancer research.
    AMC-04
  • HY-N12586
    Pheophytin a
    Pheophytin a is a chlorophyll that can be isolated from S. vermiculata extracts. Pheophytin a has antioxidant activity with IC50 values of? 200.5 and 137.7 μg/mL for SOD, and NO respectively. Pheophytin a has reducing power with an IC50 value of 4.2 μg/mL . Pheophytin a has a cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line(IC50= 35.9 μg/mL)[1].
    Pheophytin a
  • HY-14781S2
    Levomefolic acid-13C5
    Levomefolic acid-13C5 is the 13C labeled Levomefolic acid. Levomefolic acid (L-5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-146455
    DPP-4-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    DPP-4-IN-3 (Compound 5a) is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.75 nM. DPP-4-IN-3 shows excellent antioxidant and insulinotropic activity.
    DPP-4-IN-3
  • HY-176485
    Antiproliferative agent-70
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-70 (compound 23) is a potent antiproliferative agent. Antiproliferative agent-70 shows antiproliferative activities and induces MMP depolarization. Antiproliferative agent-70 induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Antiproliferative agent-70 induces mitophagy and ferroptosis. Antiproliferative agent-70 increases the protein expression of PINK1, p-Parkin, p53 and p21. Antiproliferative agent-70 increases intracellular ROS levels. Antiproliferative agent-70 shows anticancer activity.
    Antiproliferative agent-70
  • HY-W745860
    Hexahydrocurcumin-d6
    Hexahydrocurcumin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Hexahydrocurcumin (HY-N0929). Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Hexahydrocurcumin is inactive against COX-1. Hexahydrocurcumin has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Hexahydrocurcumin-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-13571AR
    Beclometasone dipropionate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Beclometasone dipropionate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Beclometasone dipropionate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Beclometasone dipropionate, the proagent of Beclometasone, is an orally active and potent glucocorticoid recepter agonist. Beclometasone dipropionate acts via a glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses inflammation and hyperproliferation. Beclometasone dipropionate can be used for asthma .
    Beclometasone dipropionate (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity