2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-111431AR
    p-Cresyl sulfate potassium (Standard)
    		Inducer
    p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. p-Cresyl sulfate (p-Tolyl sulfate) potassium is a uremic toxin, that can cause renal damage and dysfunction. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium shows antiproliferation activity. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium increases the protein expression of HIF-1α and VHL, decreases the protein expression of HIF-2α. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). p-Cresyl sulfate potassium activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
    p-Cresyl sulfate potassium (Standard)
  • HY-I0301R
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
  • HY-W112239
    BDPI
    		Inducer
    BDPI is the a BODIPY derivative. BDPI reveals a high O2 quantum yield and exhibits phototoxicity that inhibits HeLa with an IC50 of 0.6 µg/mL. BDPI nanoarticles can be taken up by HeLa, producing fluorescence signals in the cells, and can be used as cell imaging agent. BDPI nanoarticles exhibit antitumor efficacy in mouse models.
    BDPI
  • HY-W015600R
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard)
    		Activator
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Acetamidophenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation.
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard)
  • HY-B0774R
    Seratrodast (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Seratrodast (Standard) is the analytical standard of Seratrodast. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Seratrodast (AA 2414), an orally active antiasthmatic agent, is a thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) antagonist and ferroptosis inhibitor. Seratrodast reduces lipid ROS production, modulates the systemic xc-/GSH/GPX4 axis, and inhibits JNK phosphorylation and p53 expression. Seratrodast exhibits anti-asthmatic and anti-epileptic activity.
    Seratrodast (Standard)
  • HY-133966
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane
    		Activator
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane (5α-Cholestane-3β,6α-diol) is an oxysterol that promotes the production of superoxide anions in SK-N-BE cells at concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM.
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane
  • HY-B0356BR
    Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (Standard)
  • HY-126905
    ZMC3
    		Inducer
    ZMC3 (NSC328784) is a zinc chelator. ZMC3 shows Zinc metallochaperone properties. ZMC3 shows enhanced sensitivity in p53-R175H mutant cells. ZMC3 increases the cell ROS level.
    ZMC3
  • HY-125677
    SHetA2
    		Activator 99.70%
    SHetA2 is a derivative of heteroarotinoid, that exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells with IC50 of 0.37–4.6 μM. SHetA2 regulates cancer cells differentiation, induces apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, and arrest cell cycle at G2 phase. SHetA2 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics and antitumor efficacy in mice. SHetA2 is orally active.
    SHetA2
  • HY-18085S2
    Quercetin-13C3
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-144876
    RIDR-PI-103
    		Inducer 98.02%
    RIDR-PI-103 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced agent release proagent with a self-cyclizing moiety linked to a pan-PI3K inhibitor (PI-103). Doxorubicin and RIDR-PI-103 shows a synergistic effect in MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-231 cells to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
    RIDR-PI-103
  • HY-111278R
    Pyocyanin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Pyocyanin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyocyanin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyocyanin (Pyocyanine) is a toxic, quorum sensing (QS) controlled metabolite produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a REDOX active compound that promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pyocyanin has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity[1][2][3][4].
    Pyocyanin (Standard)
  • HY-N0683S
    2-ambo-Vitamin E-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    α-Vitamin E-13C6 is the 13C-labeled α-Vitamin E. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.
    2-ambo-Vitamin E-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N0168AS
    (Rac)-Hesperetin-d3
    (Rac)-Hesperetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled (Rac)-Hesperetin. (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation.
    (Rac)-Hesperetin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-13559
    Atiprimod
    		Inducer
    Atiprimod (Azaspirane) is a STAT3 inhibitor with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities. Atiprimod blocks the signaling pathways of IL-6 and VEGF by inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of STAT3. Atiprimod blocks the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2 and JAK3. Atiprimod also inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest, and induces autophagy and apoptosis. Atiprimod triggers persistent ER stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells by activating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of STAT3/NF-κB. Atiprimod shows great anti-tumor activities in tumor xenograft mouse models. Atiprimod can be used for the study of pituitary adenoma, breast cancer, multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    Atiprimod
  • HY-18733S
    Lipoic acid-d4
    Lipoic acid-d4 ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid-d4) is deuterium labeled Lipoic acid. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-75342S
    Methyl vanillate-d3
    Methyl vanillate-d3 is deuterated labeled Methyl vanillate (HY-75342). Methyl vanillate, one of the ingredients in Oryza sativa Linn., is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite.
    Methyl vanillate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0831S
    Buprofezin-d6
    		Inhibitor
    Buprofezin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Buprofezin. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase.
    Buprofezin-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N2454R
    β-Elemonic acid (Standard)
    		Activator
    β-Elemonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Elemonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid (Standard)
  • HY-130117
    AlbA-DCA
    		Activator
    AlbA-DCA is a conjugate formed by the attachment of Albiziabioside A (AlbA) to a dichloroacetate acid (DCA) subunit. AlbA-DCA can induce a marked increase in intracellular ROS and alleviate the accumulation of lactic acid in tumor microenvironment (TME), and also selectively kills cancer cells and induce apoptosis.
    AlbA-DCA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity