2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N6037R
    Gardenin B (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Gardenin B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gardenin B (HY-N6037). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B is a methoxyflavone compound and an inhibitor of USP7, ODC (IC50: 6.24 μg/mL), and Cathepsin D (IC50: 5.61 μg/mL). Gardenin B exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities. Gardenin B shows IC50 values of 8.87 and 10.59 μg/mL for DPPH and NO scavenging, respectively, and also possesses ferric ion reducing ability. Additionally, Gardenin B can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gardenin B can be used in cancer research.
    Gardenin B (Standard)
  • HY-158108
    anti-TNBC agent-6
    		Inducer
    anti-TNBC agent-6 (compound pt-3) is a potent anti-TNBC agent. anti-TNBC agent-6 shows cytotoxic activity. anti-TNBC agent-6 induces autophagy and ferroptosis. anti-TNBC agent-6 enhances intracellular ROS accumulatio. anti-TNBC agent-6 shows anti tumor activity and has the potential for the research of breast cancer.
    anti-TNBC agent-6
  • HY-120723
    (Rac)-Phox-I1
    		Control
    (Rac)-Phox-I1 is a racemic isomer of Phox-I1. Phox-I1 is a p67phox inhibitor. Phox-I1 inhibits ROS production.
    (Rac)-Phox-I1
  • HY-101445R
    Trolox (Standard)
    Butamirate (citrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Butamirate (citrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Butamirate citrate is an orally active cough suppressant that acts centrally through the receptors in the brainstem. Butamirate citrate also reduces the resistance in the airways by inhibiting bronchospasm and anti-inflammatory effect.
    Trolox (Standard)
  • HY-146172
    Antioxidant agent-3
    		Activator
    Antioxidant agent-3 (Compound 14q), an potent antioxidant, displays potent DPPH radicals scavenging activity and ABTS+ scavenging activity with IC50s of 26.58 and 30.31 μM, respectively. Antioxidant agent-3 (Compound 14q) increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in H2O2-treated HepG2 cells.
    Antioxidant agent-3
  • HY-168501
    Neuroprotective agent 6
    		Inhibitor
    Neuroprotective Agent 6 (Compound Y12) is a neuroprotective agent with antioxidant activity and capabilities in DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging. Neuroprotective Agent 6 demonstrates superior neuroprotective effects in both cellular models induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and animal models induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Additionally, Neuroprotective Agent 6 exhibits significant metal chelating activity towards Cu2+.
    Neuroprotective agent 6
  • HY-173151
    BRCA2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    BRCA2-IN-1 (Compound 3j) is a potential BRCA2 inhibitor that exhibits antiproliferative activity against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. BRCA2-IN-1 also demonstrates DPPH radical scavenging ability, with an IC50 of 12.36 µM.
    BRCA2-IN-1
  • HY-P4280
    Arg-Tyr
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    Arg-Tyr is a dipeptide which has strong hydroxyl-radical and hydrogen-peroxide scavenging activity.
    Arg-Tyr
  • HY-N0271R
    Echinocystic acid (Standard)
    Echinocystic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Echinocystic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Echinocystic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpene with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
    Echinocystic acid (Standard)
  • HY-158710
    1-Palmitoyl-2-pyropheophorbide a-sn-glycero-3-pc
    1-Palmitoyl-2-pyropheophorbide a-sn-glycero-3-pc is a phospholipid-porphyrin conjugate. 1-Palmitoyl-2-pyropheophorbide a-sn-glycero-3-pc can be utilized in photodynamic therapy research.
    1-Palmitoyl-2-pyropheophorbide a-sn-glycero-3-pc
  • HY-N0376R
    Liquiritin (Standard)
    Liquiritin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Liquiritin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.
    Liquiritin (Standard)
  • HY-146421
    Anti-inflammatory agent 21
    		Inducer
    Anti-inflammatory agent 21 (compound 9o) is an orally active and low cytotoxic anti-inflammatory agent, with an IC50 value of 0.76 μM for NO. Anti-inflammatory agent 21 acts via accumulation ROS and blocks the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Anti-inflammatory agent 21 can ameliorate cartilage destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in arthritis rats model.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 21
  • HY-123894
    Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride
    		Inhibitor
    Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) is a natural pigment abundantly present in red fruits and vegetables. Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) acts as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species . Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) demonstrates inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in the production of ROS, RNS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
    Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride
  • HY-173518
    SIN 14
    		Activator
    SIN 14 is a HO-1 activator that targets and allosterically activates HO-1. SIN 14 induces macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype.
    SIN 14
  • HY-136513S
    Bifenox-d3
    		Activator
    Bifenox-d3 is the deuterium labeled Bifenox. Bifenox (MC-4379) is a nitrophenyl ether herbicide. Bifenox disrupts cellular membrane, inhibits photosynthesis and inhibits the protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Bifenox increases the ROS production in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    Bifenox-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N15449
    Vicanicin
    		Activator
    Vicanicin is a depsidone compound found in lichens. Vicanicin inhibits the expression of Hsp70, regulates the redox-sensitive mechanisms within cells, promotes the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells, changes the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activates caspase-3, and triggers apoptosis. Vicanicin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (DU-145) human prostate cancer cells. Vicanicin is promising for research of prostate cancer.
    Vicanicin
  • HY-W714006
    Cochliodinol
    Cochliodinol (compound 1) is a metabolite derived from the Apis mellifera ligustica. Cochliodinol has strong free radical scavenging activity of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrohydrazine (DPPH) (IC50=3.06 μg/mL).
    Cochliodinol
  • HY-B0849S
    Azoxystrobin-d4
    		Activator
    Azoxystrobin-d4 is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    Azoxystrobin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-172782
    BuChE-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    BuChE-IN-20 is a selective butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.13 μM) with BBB permeability. BuChE-IN-20 is a L-Tryptophan derivative. BuChE-IN-20 possesses neuroprotective properties by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and lowering the levels of ROS. BuChE-IN-20 is proficient in inhibiting the self-aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. BuChE-IN-20 can be used in research for Alzheimer’s disease.
    BuChE-IN-20
  • HY-B0166S5
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-4
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-4 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collag
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-4
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity