2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-161659
    Apoptosis inducer 19
    		Inducer 98.31%
    Apoptosis inducer 19 (Compound 7g) is an Apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 19 elevates expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and downregulates anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Apoptosis inducer 19 upregulates cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Apoptosis inducer 19 can be used for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) research.
    Apoptosis inducer 19
  • HY-111959
    2-Selenouracil
    		98.0%
    2-Selenouracil is a useful specialized photosensitizer for photodynamical therapy.
    2-Selenouracil
  • HY-155068
    FC-116
    		Inducer 98.04%
    FC-11 is a tubulin inhibitor. FC-116 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, with IC50 values of 4.52 nM for HCT116 cells and 18.69 nM for CT26 cells. FC-11 can induce ER stress to generate excess ROS, leading to mitochondrial damage, thereby promoting apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by targeting microtubules. FC-116 exerts potent anti-tumor effects in vivo. FC-11 can be used for the study of colorectal cancer.
    FC-116
  • HY-N0768R
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside (Standard)
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside (Standard)
  • HY-W014225R
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages.
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-122951
    Eburicoic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.61%
    Eburicoic acid protects the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. And Eburicoic acid has antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects.
    Eburicoic acid
  • HY-N2693
    6,8-Diprenylorobol
    		Inducer 98.40%
    6,8-Diprenylorobol, a prenylated isoflavone, is a nature product that could be isolated from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata. 6,8-Diprenylorobol antiproliferative effect and induces apoptosis through activation of p53 and generation of ROS.
    6,8-Diprenylorobol
  • HY-B0849R
    Azoxystrobin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Azoxystrobin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azoxystrobin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    Azoxystrobin (Standard)
  • HY-B0688S
    Dapsone-d8
    		99.82%
    Dapsone-d8 is a deuterium labeled Dapsone. Dapsone is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with antibacterial, antigenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dapsone?exerts effective antileprosy activity?and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of?M. leprae. Dapsone can be used as an anticonvulsant and also in the research of skin and glioblastoma diseases.
    Dapsone-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-N0393R
    Glabridin (Standard)
    Glabridin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glabridin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities.
    Glabridin (Standard)
  • HY-N9447
    Norbergenin
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Norbergenin, the O-demethyl derivative of bergenin, shows moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 13 μM in DPPH radical scavenging; 32 μM in superoxide anion scavenging).
    Norbergenin
  • HY-18085AS
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate is a deuterium labeled Quercetin hydrate (HY-18085A), a flavonoid which can stimulate recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50s of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-d<sub>3</sub> hydrate
  • HY-100561S
    Tempol-d17,15N
    		98.44%
    Tempol-d17,15N is the deuterium labeled Tempol. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tempol-d<sub>17</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-124411
    Lobenzarit
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Lobenzarit, an immunomodulator, possesses anti-oxidative.
    Lobenzarit
  • HY-N0733S
    Glucosamine-13C hydrochloride
    Glucosamine-13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a
    Glucosamine-<sup>13</sup>C hydrochloride
  • HY-B0739AS
    Citicoline-d9 sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Citicoline-d9 (Cytidine diphosphate-choline-d9) sodium is the deuterium labeled Citicoline sodium (HY-B0739A). Citicoline sodium is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline sodium inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline sodium can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline-d<sub>9</sub> sodium
  • HY-W011215S
    Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4
    		Inducer 98.20%
    Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6. Dihexyl phthalate (HY-W011215) is one of the commonly used phthalate esters in various plastics and consumer products. Dihexyl phthalate is classified as a priority pollutant and an endocrine disruptor. Dihexyl phthalate can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, promote inflammation, and lead to significant increases in apoptosis and inflammation-related gene expression levels. Dihexyl phthalate can cause testicular atrophy and is a reproductive toxicant.
    Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-136409R
    N-Decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Formoterol (hemifumarate hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Formoterol (hemifumarate hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Formoterol hemifumarate hydrate is a selective, long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Formoterol is a bronchodilator used for the research of the asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol hemifumarate hydrate induces mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury.
    N-Decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (Standard)
  • HY-W041080R
    3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard)
    		Activator
    3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W041080). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol is an volatile organic compound with anti-biofilm and antifungal activities. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans cells. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antibacterial activities.
    3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard)
  • HY-112053R
    DPPH (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    DPPH (Standard) is the analytical standard of DPPH. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a stable free radical that can be used to measure the radical scavenging activity of antioxidants. The odd electron of nitrogen atom in DPPH is reduced by receiving a hydrogen atom from antioxidants to the corresponding hydrazine. DPPH method may be utilized in aqueous and nonpolar organic solvents and can be used to examine both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants.
    DPPH (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity