2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P0100
    AHK
    		Inhibitor
    AHK is a bioactive peptide with antioxidant effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient.
    AHK
  • HY-N0410R
    Daucosterol (Standard)
    Daucosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daucosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daucosterol is an orally active natural sterol compound, which has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Daucosterol inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing autophagy through ROS-dependent manner. Daucosterol also inhibits colon cancer growth by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration and invasion and targeting caspase signalling pathway.
    Daucosterol (Standard)
  • HY-150755
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
    		Inducer
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 (Compound W10) is a potent dual-target inhibitor of Topo I and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.90 μM and 2.31 μM, respectively. Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 induces cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
  • HY-169412
    MAPK-IN-3
    		Activator
    MAPK-IN-3 (Compound 4a) is an anti-proliferative agent that shows particularly strong inhibitory effects on KYSE 30, HCT 116, and HGC 27, with IC50 values of 0.57 μM, 3.27 μM, and 2.28 μM, respectively. MAPK-IN-3 blocks the cell cycle via a p53-dependent mechanism and induces cell apoptosis through a p53-independent mechanism. MAPK-IN-3 downregulates the expression of cell cycle-related proteins like Cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved caspase-9, and reduces the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2. Additionally, MAPK-IN-3 increases the intracellular level of ROS in KYSE 30 cells and upregulates the expression of members of the MAPK signaling pathway associated with ROS, such as p-ERK, p-p38 and p-JNK.
    MAPK-IN-3
  • HY-176724
    ZnPc-O3-JQ1
    		Inducer
    ZnPc-O3-JQ1 is a light-triggered BRD4 degrader. Under illumination, ZnPc-O3-JQ1 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that degrades BRD4. The degradation of BRD4 results in downregulation of HIF-1α, thereby counteracting the photodynamic therapy (PDT) resistance induced by tumor hypoxia. ZnPc-O3-JQ1 exhibits both Type I and Type II PDT mechanisms. The structure of ZnPc-O3-JQ1 consists of three parts: BRD4 ligand (HY-78695); Linker (HY-W040165); Photosensitizer (HY-176725).
    ZnPc-O3-JQ1
  • HY-113410S
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d4
    		Inducer
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-155784
    SPC-180002
    		Inducer
    SPC-180002 is a SIRT1/3 dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1.13 and 5.41 μM, respectively. SPC-180002 disturbs redox homeostasis via ROS generation, which leads to an increase in both p21 protein stability and mitochondrial dysfunction. SPC-180002 strongly inhibits cell cycle progression and cancer cell growth. SPC-180002 activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
    SPC-180002
  • HY-168877
    FMP
    		Activator
    FMP is a Platinum(IV) complexe. FMP significantly upregulates the expression of γ-H2AX and p53. FMP increases the production of ROS. FMP markedly upregulates the expressions of Apoptosis-related proteins (DR5, Fas, caspase-8, Cyt-c, caspase-3, cleaved-PARP1, Bax). FMP shows antiproliferative activity against breast cancer.
    FMP
  • HY-N1994
    Swertianine
    		Inhibitor
    Swertianine is a hydroxyexanthone that can be isolated from Swertia decussata. Swertianine has antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals. Swertianine also inhibits γ-ray induced DNA damage of pBR322 with protective effect.
    Swertianine
  • HY-D1293
    Photosensitizer-1
    Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) is a photosensitizer.
    Photosensitizer-1
  • HY-147772
    ZC0101
    		Inducer
    ZC0101 is a potent, orally active IDO1 and TrxR dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.084 μM and 7.98 μM, respectively. ZC0101 effectively induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in cancer cells.
    ZC0101
  • HY-159149
    Antitumor agent-182
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-182 (Compound 12a) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhances ROS levels. Antitumor agent-182 arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis in HeLa. Antitumor agent-182 inhibits the proliferation of HeLa, PC-3 and HCT-15 with IC50s of 8.83, 10.07 and 7.84 μM, respectively.
    Antitumor agent-182
  • HY-162402
    NLRP3-IN-33
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-33 (Compound 12o) is a blood-brain barrier permeable inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 1.02 μM and 7.03 μM against hAChE and hBChE respectively. NLRP3-IN-33 possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metal chelating activities, making it a potential candidate for research in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
    NLRP3-IN-33
  • HY-151430
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 (Compound 24) is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 activator, neuroprotective agent. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 shows neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 can be used in Parkinson's disease (PD) research.
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1
  • HY-146170
    Anticancer agent 69
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 69 (Compound 34), a potent and selective anticancer agent , potently and selectively inhibits human prostate cancer cell line PC3 (IC50=26 nM). Anticancer agent 69 increases ROS level, down-regulates EGFR and induces apoptosis.
    Anticancer agent 69
  • HY-138071
    8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate
    		Inducer
    8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate (8αTGH) is a potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitor. 8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate induces early oxidative stress and pyroptosis, and late DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis in the TNBC cells. 8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate suppresses tumor cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.
    8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate
  • HY-116202
    PACA
    		Activator
    PACA is an enhancer of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth, enhancing nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth and attenuating 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PACA has neuroprotective and neurogenic activities. PACA can be used to improve dopaminergic neuron loss and motor dysfunction in MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease and MPP+-induced neurons.
    PACA
  • HY-W015026R
    Isobutylparaben (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isobutylparaben (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isobutylparaben. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isobutylparaben (Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) is the agonist for PXR, CAR and PPAR. Isobutylparaben has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and widely used in personal care products and cosmetics.
    Isobutylparaben (Standard)
  • HY-N10443
    Mammea A/BA
    		Activator
    Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease.
    Mammea A/BA
  • HY-N1458R
    Isoschaftoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoschaftoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoschaftoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, can inhibit growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Isoschaftoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces proliferation in senescent cells. Isoschaftoside activates autophagy. Isoschaftoside can be used for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and nematicidal study.
    Isoschaftoside (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity