2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N8698
    Picein
    		99.94%
    Picein, isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa, is a naturally occurring antioxidant.
    Picein
  • HY-15930B
    TMB dihydrochloride x.hydrate
    TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride x hydrate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB dihydrochloride x.hydrate
  • HY-169402
    PDE1-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    PDE1-IN-9 (Compound 7a) is a selective inhibitor for phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), that inhibits PDE1C with an IC50 of 11 nM. PDE1-IN-9 reduces mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS, inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). PDE1-IN-9 exhibits good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes.
    PDE1-IN-9
  • HY-168993
    BRCA2-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    BRCA2-IN-2 (Compound 3i) has a strong binding affinity to the BRCA2 protein. BRCA2-IN-2 can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells and scavenge DPPH free radicals. BRCA2-IN-2 has anti-tumor and antioxidant activities.
    BRCA2-IN-2
  • HY-168926
    NQO2-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.02%
    NQO2-IN-1 (Compound 20b) is the inhibitor for quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) that inhibits NQO2 with an IC50 of 95 nM. NQO2-IN-1 overcomes the resistance of NSCLC cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) by induction of ROS and apoptosis.
    NQO2-IN-1
  • HY-N2442
    Methylophiopogonone B
    		98.65%
    Methylophiopogonone B, a homoisoflavonoidal compound that could be isolated from Ophiopogonis Tiber, could scavenge •OH and H2O2 in vitro to a certain extent.
    Methylophiopogonone B
  • HY-W015913R
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Standard)
  • HY-16942
    Damulin B
    		Inducer
    Damulin B is a dammarane-type saponin found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Damulin B can inhibit cancer cell apoptosis, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibit ROS production and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Damulin B can prevent Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced acute kidney injury and induce hair growth. Damulin B shows anti-inflammation anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. Damulin B can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation, metabolic disease, such as lung cancer, osteoarthritis and diabetes.
    Damulin B
  • HY-N3004
    Cyperotundone
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Cyperotundone is a sesquiterpene isolated from Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus).
    Cyperotundone
  • HY-169652
    NPC26
    		98.0%
    NPC26 is a small molecule mitochondrial disruptor with anti-tumor activity. NPC-26 shows significant anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on CRC cell lines (HCT-116, DLD-1, and HT-29). NPC26 can damage mitochondrial function, leading to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and the production of reactive oxygen species, ultimately inducing cell death. NPC-26 can kill CRC cells by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.
    NPC26
  • HY-N0328R
    alpha-Mangostin (Standard)
    alpha-Mangostin (Standard) is the analytical standard of alpha-Mangostin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM.
    alpha-Mangostin (Standard)
  • HY-N12394
    Norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide
    		98.90%
    Norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide is a glucuronide that can be isolated from Scutellaria indica. Norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide has anti-inflammatory activity. Norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide is a flavone glycoside. Norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide inhibits NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 above 30 μM.
    Norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide
  • HY-128431
    Arochlor 1254
    		Inducer
    Arochlor 1254 is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture with biphenyl and 54% chlorine. Aroclor 1254 reduced cell viability and induced overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. Arochlor 1254 exposure reduces calcium homeostasis, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
    Arochlor 1254
  • HY-N10450
    Kumujian A
    		Inhibitor 98.32%
    Kumujian A (1-Ethoxycarbonyl-β-carboline), an anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits both superoxide anion generation (IC50 = 4.87 μg/mL) and elastase release (IC50 = 6.29 μg/mL).
    Kumujian A
  • HY-N8284
    Tomentosin
    		Inducer 98.95%
    Tomentosin is an orally active natural sesquiterpenoid lactone. Tomentosin exhibits multiple activities such as anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. Tomentosin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis. Tomentosin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammation and nervous system diseases.
    Tomentosin
  • HY-122917
    Danshenol A
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    Danshenol A, an abietane-type diterpenoid, is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. Danshenol A can protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress by directly scavenging ROS. Danshenol A has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Danshenol A can be used for atherosclerosis research.
    Danshenol A
  • HY-100512
    Benzenepentacarboxylic Acid
    		98.39%
    Benzenepentacarboxylic acid is a fluorescent dye that detects and scavenge HO radicals.
    Benzenepentacarboxylic Acid
  • HY-169402A
    PDE1-IN-9 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    PDE1-IN-9 (Compound 7a) hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor for phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), that inhibits PDE1C with an IC50 of 11 nM. PDE1-IN-9 hydrochloride reduces mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS, inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). PDE1-IN-9 hydrochloride exhibits good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes.
    PDE1-IN-9 hydrochloride
  • HY-117762
    U-83836E
    		Inhibitor 98.59%
    U-83836E (PNU-83836E) is a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities that reduces lung inflammation inhibiting oxidative stress and ROS production. U-83836E has shown potential for treating asthma and lung inflammation in animal models.
    U-83836E
  • HY-126474
    MitoB bromide
    		99.8%
    MitoB bromide is an exomarker of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. MitoB bromide is a mitochondria-targeted ratiometric probe, and can be used to measure levels of one major ROS, hydrogen peroxide, within living animals.
    MitoB bromide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity