2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121713
    Aniline mustard
    		Inducer 99.36%
    Aniline mustard (N, n-BIS (2-chloroethyl) aniline) is an anticancer agent.
    Aniline mustard
  • HY-108296
    Pirenoxine
    		Inhibitor
    Pirenoxine (Catalin K) is a potent antioxidant. Pirenoxine shows anti-presbyopic activity. Pirenoxine has the potential for the research of cataracts.
    Pirenoxine
  • HY-W014423S
    L-Histidine-13C hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    L-Histidine-13C hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>13</sup>C hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-136593
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid (Compound 1) is a metabolite. (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid can be isolated from the culture medium of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid has strong antioxidant activity.
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid
  • HY-W037976
    Tyrosinase-IN-22
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Tyrosinase-IN-22 (compound 4) is an inhibitor of tyrosinase substrates (L-tyrosine and L-dopa) with IC50s of 60 nM and 30 nM, respectively. Tyrosinase-IN-22 also shows potent antioxidant and anti-melanogenic properties, thus can be used for relevant researches.
    Tyrosinase-IN-22
  • HY-N7798
    Pennogenin
    		99.90%
    Pennogenin is a bioactive component which can be isolated from T. govanianum rhizomes. Pennogenin exhibits significant in vitro inhibitory effect on release of ROS.
    Pennogenin
  • HY-118982
    CT-2584
    		Inducer 99.40%
    CT-2584 is a chemotherapeutic compound that reduces the expression of NKEF-B in several tumor cell types and kills tumor cells by inducing the production of ROS in mitochondria, commonly used in cancer research.
    CT-2584
  • HY-134545
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine
    		99.0%
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine is an endocannabinoid analog with anti-cancer effects. N- Arachidonoyl-L-alanine kills HNSCC cells through 5-LO-mediated ROS productio.
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine
  • HY-17363S1
    Dimethyl fumarate-d2
    		99.20%
    Dimethyl fumarate-d2 is the deuterium labeled Dimethyl fumarate. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research.
    Dimethyl fumarate-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W196368
    Thymohydroquinone
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Thymohydroquinone is a monoterpene molecule. Thymohydroquinone has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thymohydroquinone can be used for pharmacokinetic studies and regulatory toxicity studies .
    Thymohydroquinone
  • HY-17363R
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dimethyl fumarate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research.
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard)
  • HY-W001542
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
    		Inhibitor
    5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid for its antioxidant. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is a product of partial metabolism of tryptophan involving conversion in the gut lumen of tryptophan to indole through the action of bacterial tryptophanase and tryptophan synthase. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is one of the main molecules responsible for the neurological symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy in rats. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
  • HY-B0356AS1
    Ciprofloxacin-13C3,15N monohydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Ciprofloxacin-13C3,15N (Bay-09867-13C3,15N) monohydrochloride is 13C- and 15N-labeled Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride) (HY-B0356A).
    Ciprofloxacin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N monohydrochloride
  • HY-N4068R
    Glucoraphanin (Standard)
    Glucoraphanin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glucoraphanin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.
    Glucoraphanin (Standard)
  • HY-136651
    BNTA
    		99.68%
    BNTA, a potent extracellular matrix (ECM) modulator, facilitates cartilage structural molecule synthesis on chondrocytes by activating superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3). BNTA shows a promising potential for osteoarthritis alleviation by modulating cartilage generation.
    BNTA
  • HY-117433S
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4
    		Activator
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the proagent Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide crosslinks DNA and induces T cell apoptosis independent of death receptor activation, but activates mitochondrial death pathways through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide has the potential for lymphomas and autoimmune disorders.
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B0166GL
    L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like)
    		99.88%
    L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class L-Ascorbic acid (HY-B0166). L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate, Vitamin C), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.
    L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like)
  • HY-18085G
    Quercetin (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin GMP is Quercetin (HY-18085) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Quercetin is a flavonoid antioxidant, a PI3K inhibitor and a SIRT1 Activator.
    Quercetin (GMP)
  • HY-N7935
    Procyanidin B5
    		Inhibitor
    Procyanidin B5 is an antioxidant agent with an IC50 of 0.1 mM in mouse liver homogenate lipid peroxidation assay.
    Procyanidin B5
  • HY-N6865
    Groenlandicine
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Groenlandicine, a protoberberine alkaloid, is a cholinesterase inhibitor (AChE (IC50 = 0.54 μM), BChE (IC50 = 3.32 μM)). Groenlandicine non-competitively inhibits BACE1 (IC50 = 19.68 μM, Ki = 21.2) and inhibits RLAR (IC50 = 140.1 μM), HRAR (IC50 = 154.2 μM), and total ROS generation (IC50 = 51.78 μM) in vitro. Groenlandicine suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis. Groenlandicine inhibits the tumor growth when combined with Cisplatin (HY-17394). Groenlandicine can be used for the study on osteosarcoma, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus .
    Groenlandicine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity