1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W014423S6
    L-Histidine-15N hydrochloride hydrate
    Inhibitor 99.24%
    L-Histidine-15N hydrochloride hydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>15</sup>N hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-174406
    MT-125
    Activator
    MT-125 is a specific and well-tolerated inhibitor of non-muscle myosin IIA (Ki,NMIIA = 2.7 μM) and IIB (EC50 = 1.7 μM). MT-125 can pass through the blood-brain barrier. MT-125 induces ferroptosis and DNA damage by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within tumor cells. MT-125 can enhance the PDGFR signaling pathway. MT-125 can be used for research on glioblastoma.
    MT-125
  • HY-18733R
    Lipoic acid (Standard)
    Lipoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lipoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N7607
    Quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside
    Inhibitor 99.87%
    Quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside is a flavonoid glycoside with antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity. Quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside can scavenge free radicals such as ABTS+ and can be used in the study of antioxidant-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases).
    Quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside
  • HY-N4244
    Kakkalide
    Inhibitor 99.80%
    Kakkalide is an isoflavone derived from the flowers of Pueraria lobata. Kakkalide ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated inflammation.
    Kakkalide
  • HY-N6872
    Actein
    Activator 99.58%
    Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo.
    Actein
  • HY-122311
    Orniplabin
    Inhibitor
    Orniplabin (SMTP-7) is a low-molecular-weight compound that enhances plasminogen–fibrin binding, urokinase-catalyzed activation of plasminogen, and urokinase and plasminogen-mediated fibrin degradation. Orniplabin shows potential thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory effects. Orniplabin inhibits ROS.
    Orniplabin
  • HY-P990189
    Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243)
    Inducer
    Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) is a mouse-derived IgG2a κ type antibody inhibitor, targeting to monkey/human MHC class II. Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) can inhibits tumor cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) increases cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in human endothelial cells. Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) can be used for the researches of cancer and infection, such as lymphoma.
    Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243)
  • HY-126940
    Furanodiene
    Activator 99.83%
    Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level.
    Furanodiene
  • HY-N6043
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate
    Inducer 98.10%
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate is a prodrug of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol acetate is converted into the active form of Hydroxytyrosol in vivo. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenol found in the olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol can alleviate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Hydroxytyrosol can induce cancer cells apoptosis via inducing ROS production. Hydroxytyrosol shows antibacterial and antiviral effect. Hydroxytyrosol can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, inflammation, immunology, metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular disease, such as colon cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's Disease and atherosclerosis .
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate
  • HY-50936S
    Trabectedin-d3
    Activator 99.08%
    Trabectedin D3 (Ecteinascidin 743 D3) is deuterium labeled Trabectedin. Trabectedin is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitumor activity. Trabectedin binds to the minor groove of DNA, blocks transcription of stress-induced proteins, induces DNA backbone cleavage and cancer cells apoptosis, and increases the generation of ROS in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Trabectedin has tje potential for soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer treatment.
    Trabectedin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W040971
    Creosol
    Inhibitor 99.82%
    Creosol (2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol) is an endogenous metabolite that acts as an important chemical intermediate and potential biofuel mainly derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Creosol is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    Creosol
  • HY-W014684
    Lilial
    99.16%
    Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks.
    Lilial
  • HY-157629
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE
    Inhibitor 99.1%
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (PAPE), a compound isolated from egg yolk with antioxidant activity related to the unsaturated fatty acid content, was extracted, purified, and analyzed by various techniques.
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE
  • HY-147696
    SMTIN-T140
    Inducer 99.58%
    SMTIN-T140 (compound 6a) is a potent TRAP1 (tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor associated protein 1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.646 μM. SMTIN-T140 shows anticancer activity. SMTIN-T140 leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, increases mitochondrial ROS production and activates AMPK. SMTIN-T140 potently suppressed tumor growth without any noticeable in vivo toxicity in a mouse model xenografted with PC3 prostate cancer cells.
    SMTIN-T140
  • HY-173048
    CLPP-2068
    Inducer
    CLPP-2068 is the orally active activator for human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP) with an EC50 of 50.4 nM. CLPP-2068 exhibits anti-proliferative efficacy in OCI-LY10 cancer cell with an IC50 of 5.2 nM. CLPP-2068 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, increases mitochondrial ROS levels, and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. CLPP-2068 arrests the cell cycle at G1 phase, and induces apoptosis in cell OCI-LY10. CLPP-2068 exhibits antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models.
    CLPP-2068
  • HY-146460
    Antimicrobial agent-2
    Inducer 99.38%
    Antimicrobial agent-2 (compound V-a) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, possessing inhibitory activity against various Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Antimicrobial agent-2 has excellent inhibitory effect on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a MIC of 1 μg/mL. Antimicrobial agent-2 can effectively damage the membrane and lead to the leakage of protein, also can induce the generation of ROS. Antimicrobial agent-2 exhibits low toxicity, no obvious resistance and good bioavailability.
    Antimicrobial agent-2
  • HY-N6037
    Gardenin B
    Inducer 99.69%
    Gardenin B is a methoxyflavone compound and an inhibitor of USP7, ODC (IC50: 6.24 μg/mL), and Cathepsin D (IC50: 5.61 μg/mL). Gardenin B exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities. Gardenin B shows IC50 values of 8.87 and 10.59 μg/mL for DPPH and NO scavenging, respectively, and also possesses ferric ion reducing ability. Additionally, Gardenin B can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gardenin B can be used in cancer research.
    Gardenin B
  • HY-W002620A
    Emoxypine succinate
    99.88%
    Emoxypine succinate is an antioxidant. Emoxypine succinate can be used for the research of post-traumatic.
    Emoxypine succinate
  • HY-N8253
    Spiraeoside
    Inhibitor 99.46%
    Spiraeoside, an orally active natural compound, exerts antioxidant activity, inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde production. Spiraeoside possesses antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
    Spiraeoside
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity