2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0527
    Pentagalloylglucose
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is an orally active gallic tannin compound and an inducer of apoptosis and autophagy. Pentagalloglucose induces cell apoptosis and autophagy through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Pentagalloglucose has antioxidant, anti mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, cardioprotective, anti allergic, cholesterol lowering, and anti-tumor activities.
    Pentagalloylglucose
  • HY-B0183
    Ellagic acid
    		99.75%
    Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2 and SHP2, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.
    Ellagic acid
  • HY-N0020
    Echinacoside
    		99.88%
    Echinacoside, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche deserticola, effectively inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Echinacoside elicits neuroprotection by activating Trk receptors and their downstream signal pathways. Antiosteoporotic activity.
    Echinacoside
  • HY-W015229
    3-Indolepropionic acid
    		99.89%
    3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
    3-Indolepropionic acid
  • HY-N0155
    Nobiletin
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Nobiletin is a poly-methoxylated flavone from the citrus peel that improves memory loss. Nobiletin is a retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) agonist. Nobiletin can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in differentiated C2C12 myotubes and has anti-inflammation and anti-cancer properties, including anti-angiogenesis, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and induced apoptosis.
    Nobiletin
  • HY-18743
    Coelenterazine
    		98.65%
    Coelenterazine is a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase. Renilla luciferase and substrate coelenterazine has been used as the bioluminescence donor in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to detect protein-protein interactions. Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe and it can also be used in chemiluminescent detection of peroxynitrite (Ex/Em = 429/466 nm).
    Coelenterazine
  • HY-N0100
    Naringenin
    		99.28%
    Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.
    Naringenin
  • HY-107837
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium
    		98.60%
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation.
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium
  • HY-D0844
    Glutathione oxidized
    		≥99.0%
    Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes.
    Glutathione oxidized
  • HY-B2163
    Astaxanthin
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Astaxanthin, the red dietary carotenoid, is an orally effective and potent antioxidant. Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and down-regulates VEGF in blood glucose. Astaxanthin exerts anti-cancer cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, impairs migration and invasion by activating PPARγ and reducing the expression of STAT3. Astaxanthin also has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in studies of cancer, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and in the coloring of animal feed.
    Astaxanthin
  • HY-18950
    GSK2795039
    		Inhibitor 99.11%
    GSK2795039 is a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) inhibitor with a mean pIC50 of 6 in different cell-free assays. GSK2795039 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH consumption. GSK2795039 reduces apoptosis.
    GSK2795039
  • HY-W011664
    1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran
    		98.74%
    1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) has been developed as a selective probe for the detection and quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide in samples containing different reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). DPBF is a fluorescent probe which, for almost 20 years, was believed to react in a highly specific manner toward some reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxy, alkyloxy or alkylperoxy radicals.
    1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran
  • HY-12033
    2-Methoxyestradiol
    		Activator 99.82%
    2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol
  • HY-N0439
    Asiaticoside
    		99.84%
    Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.
    Asiaticoside
  • HY-100561
    Tempol
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tempol
  • HY-15337
    Hesperidin
    		98.14%
    Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities.
    Hesperidin
  • HY-103701A
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium
    		99.97%
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation.
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium
  • HY-100474
    Visomitin
    		98.99%
    Visomitin (SKQ1) is a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant with the high mitochondrion membrane penetrating ability and potent antioxidant capability.
    Visomitin
  • HY-N0168
    Hesperetin
    		99.12%
    Hesperetin is a natural flavanone that can be found in citrus, and acts as a potent and orally active broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation. Hesperetin displays a range of bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Hesperetin is found to induce cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Hesperetin can reduce Bcl-2 and enhance BaxM. Hesperetin induces apoptosis through inhibiting NF-κB receptor.
    Hesperetin
  • HY-D0937
    Methoxy-PMS
    		99.32%
    Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS), an active oxygen formation inducer, is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes.
    Methoxy-PMS
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity