2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0805
    Alisol B 23-acetate
    		Activator 99.65%
    Alisol B 23-acetate is an orally active prototerpane-type triterpenoid. Alisol B 23-acetate can be isolated from Alisma orientalis. Alisol B 23-acetate induces Apoptosis, promotes ROS generation, downregulates CDK4/6, MMP-2/9, upregulates cleaved PARP, activates FXR and inhibits Syk. Alisol B 23-acetate has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Alisol B 23-acetate protects the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Alisol B 23-acetate has anticancer activity against ovarian cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and gastric cancer. Alisol B 23-acetate can be used in the study of atherosclerosis and allergic asthma.
    Alisol B 23-acetate
  • HY-113149A
    Argininosuccinic acid disodium
    		Inducer
    Argininosuccinic acid disodium is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle, and its level is associated with argininosuccinic aciduria. Argininosuccinic acid disodium can induce oxidative stress, leading to lipid and protein oxidation, reduction of glutathione, and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Argininosuccinic acid disodium can be converted into guanidinosuccinic acid, a nitric oxide mimic, under the action of nitric oxide-derived free radicals. Argininosuccinic acid disodium can be used in the research of metabolic diseases, renal failure, nervous system diseases, etc.
    Argininosuccinic acid disodium
  • HY-N1412
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
    		99.09%
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity.
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
  • HY-A0129
    Histamine phosphate
    		99.34%
    Histamine phosphate is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine phosphate is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine phosphate affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine phosphate can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine phosphate
  • HY-N5063
    Plantainoside D
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Plantainoside D, a phenylethanoid glycosides, is a IKK-β inhibitor with diverse biological activities. Plantainoside D shows inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with an IC50 of 2.17 mM. Plantainoside D significantly reduces the release of glutamate from nerve terminals in the cerebral cortex of rats by inhibiting the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCCs) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling cascade. Plantainoside D significantly alleviates cell apoptosis by inhibiting the generation of ROS and the activation of NF-κB. Plantainoside D significantly improves acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis by regulating the Sirt3/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Plantainoside D can be used for the study of neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antihypertension.
    Plantainoside D
  • HY-W013579
    (S)-(+)-Carvone
    		Activator 99.26%
    (S)-(+)-Carvone is an orally active natural product. (S)-(+)-Carvone increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and ROS, reduces the levels of oxidative stress markers (MDA, AChE), reduces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), and downregulates NLRP3. (S)-(+)-Carvone increases the activities of caspase-8, -9 and -3. (S)-(+)-Carvone induces apoptotic death. (S)-(+)-Carvone has antimanic-like effect, liver protection and anticancer activity against skin cancer. (S)-(+)-Carvone improves memory and arthritis.
    (S)-(+)-Carvone
  • HY-126752
    Ophthalmic acid
    		Activator 99.17%
    Ophthalmic acid, an analogue of GSH, is a marker of oxidative stress and hepatic GSH consumption. Ophthalmic acid is an inhibitor of Glyoxalase I reaction.
    Ophthalmic acid
  • HY-D0187S
    L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N
    		≥99.99%
    L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-34154
    4-(Dimethylamino)phenol
    		≥98.0%
    4-(Dimethylamino)phenol increases the extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) without markedly affecting gluconeogenesis. 4-(Dimethylamino)phenol cannot decreases the ATP content until the membrane becomes permeable to LDH.
    4-(Dimethylamino)phenol
  • HY-B0612A
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
  • HY-14657
    Dantrolene sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Dantrolene sodium is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene sodium is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene sodium inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene sodium offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene sodium
  • HY-N0733
    Glucosamine hydrochloride
    		98.0%
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine hydrochloride
  • HY-I0508
    Phthalic acid
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid
  • HY-18085R
    Quercetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin (Standard)
  • HY-B0837
    Emamectin Benzoate
    		Activator 98.83%
    Emamectin Benzoate (MK-244) is an orally active nervoussystem toxicant by binding g-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor in insects. Emamectin Benzoate is one of semi-synthetic derivative of Avermectin (HY-15311) with a broadspectrum of insecticidal and acaricidal activity. Emamectin Benzoate induces ROS-mediated DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Emamectin Benzoate, a mixture of the natural Emamectin B1a benzoate and Emamectin B1b benzoate, has the main component of Emamectin B1a benzoate.
    Emamectin Benzoate
  • HY-P1844A
    Chemerin-9 (149-157) (TFA)
    		Inducer 98.22%
    Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA is a potent agonist of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) . Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA has anti-inflammatory activity. Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA stimulates phosphorylation of Akt and ERK as well as ROS production. Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced memory impairmen. Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA regulates immune responses, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose metabolism.
    Chemerin-9 (149-157) (TFA)
  • HY-124750
    NecroX-7
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    NecroX-7 is a potent free radical scavenger and a HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) inhibitor. NecroX-7 can be used as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity. NecroX-7 exerts a protective effect by preventing the release of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury. NecroX-7 inhibits the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. NecroX-7 can be used graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) research.
    NecroX-7
  • HY-149508
    Nrf2-IN-3
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Nrf2-IN-3 (Compound R16) is a small-molecule NRF2 inhibitor and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nrf2-IN-3 selectively binds KEAP1 mutants and restores their NRF2-inhibitory function by repairing the disrupted KEAP1/NRF2 interactions, leading to proteasome-dependent NRF2 degradation in cells. Nrf2-IN-3 sensitizes KEAP1-mutated tumor cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394), Gefitinib (HY-50895), and KEAP1 G333C-mutated xenograft to Cisplatin .
    Nrf2-IN-3
  • HY-100618
    Hispidin
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties.
    Hispidin
  • HY-N0060A
    Ferulic acid sodium
    		99.88%
    Ferulic acid sodium is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.
    Ferulic acid sodium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity