2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Necroptosis

Necroptosis

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death mediated by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and generally manifests with morphological features of necrosis. Necroptosis is characterized by early loss of plasma membrane integrity, leakage of intracellular contents, and organelle swelling. The cells dying through necroptosis lack the typical apoptotic characteristics, such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and intranucleosomal DNA cleavage into 180 bp DNA laddering, but may show TUNEL positivity.

Necroptosis triggers innate immune responses by rupturing dead cells and releasing intracellular components, it can be caused by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and TLR-4 agonists, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), certain microbial infections, and T cell receptors. Necroptosis signaling is modulated by receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 when the activity of caspase-8 becomes compromised. Activated death receptors (DRs) cause the activation of receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and the RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent formation of an RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL, which is complex II. RIPK3 phosphorylates MLKL, ultimately leading to necrosis through plasma membrane disruption and cell lysis.

Necroptosis Related Products (103):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-122912
    ALDH1A inhibitor 673A
    		Inducer 99.15%
    ALDH1A inhibitor 673A is an ALDH1A inhibitor. ALDH1A inhibitor 673A inhibits all three ALDH1A family members (IC50: 246 nM, 230 nM, 348 nM for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3 respectively. ALDH1A inhibitor 673A induces necroptotic cell death preferentially in CD133+ ovarian CSCs. ALDH1A inhibitor 673A also inhibits chemotherapy-resistant tumor growth.
    ALDH1A inhibitor 673A
  • HY-108351
    IM-54
    		99.31%
    IM-54 is a selective inhibitor of oxidative stress-induced necrosis. IM-54 shows potent inhibitory activity against H2O2-induced necrosis. IM-54 acts as a potential cardioprotective agent and biological tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms of cell death.
    IM-54
  • HY-12456
    Duocarmycin SA
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Duocarmycin SA is an orally active antitumor antibiotic with an IC50 of 10 pM. Duocarmycin SA is an extremely potent cytotoxic agent capable of inducing a sequence-selective alkylation of duplex DNA. Duocarmycin SA demonstrates synergistic cytotoxicity against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells treated with proton radiation in vitro.
    Duocarmycin SA
  • HY-B0541
    Cyclamic acid
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Cyclamic acid (Cyclamate) is a commonly used sweetener. Cyclamic acid sodium is toxic to osteoblasts and can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and reduce cell mineralization. Cyclamic acid sodium causes focal necrosis of bladder organs in rats in vitro, which can promote bladder cancer, but some studies have shown that low doses of Cyclamic acid sodium have no carcinogenic effect. In addition, Cyclamic acid sodium has no effect on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by arginine.
    Cyclamic acid
  • HY-W014839
    Cyclamic acid sodium
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Cyclamic acid sodium (Sodium cyclamate) is a commonly used sweetener. Cyclamic acid sodium is toxic to osteoblasts and can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and reduce cell mineralization. Cyclamic acid sodium causes focal necrosis of bladder organs in rats in vitro, which can promote bladder cancer, but some studies have shown that low doses of Cyclamic acid sodium have no carcinogenic effect. In addition, Cyclamic acid sodium has no effect on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by arginine.
    Cyclamic acid sodium
  • HY-124546
    Necrostatin-5
    		Inhibitor 98.43%
    Necrostatin-5 (Nec-5) is a potent necroptosis inhibitor with an EC50 value of 0.24 µM. Necrostatin-5 also is a RIP1 inhibitor. Necrostatin-5 shows cardioprotective effects.
    Necrostatin-5
  • HY-117200
    Necrostatin-7
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Necrotatin-7 (Nec-7) is a potent necroptosis inhibitor with an EC50 of 10.6 μM. Necrotatin-7 does not inhibit recombinant RIP1 kinase.
    Necrostatin-7
  • HY-135826
    Necroptosis-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.60%
    Necroptosis-IN-1, an analog of Necrostatin-1, is a potent necroptosis inhibitor. Necroptosis-IN-1 is a RIPK inhibitor.
    Necroptosis-IN-1
  • HY-P2780
    Cathepsin B, Bovine spleen
    Cathepsin B, Bovine spleen is a cysteine protease and is involved in multiple kinds of programmed cell death (including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death).
    Cathepsin B, Bovine spleen
  • HY-P2780A
    Cathepsin B, Human Liver
    Cathepsin B, Human Liver is a cysteine protease in liver and is involved in multiple kinds of programmed cell death (including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death). Cathepsin B (CTSB) have been implicated in various ECM-related disorders, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, lung fibrosis, proteinuric renal disorders, cancer, and osteoporosis.
    Cathepsin B, Human Liver
  • HY-W013699
    Chlorhexidine diacetate
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Chlorhexidine diacetate is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine diacetate binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine diacetate has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine diacetate can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine diacetate
  • HY-156119
    MLKL-IN-6
    		Inhibitor 98.57%
    MLKL-IN-6 (compound P28) is a mixed lineage kinase inhibitor targeting Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-like (MLKL). MLKL-IN-6 inhibits cell necrosis. MLKL-IN-6 inhibits MLKL phosphorylation and oligomerization during cell necrosis, inhibits immune cell death, and reduces the expression of adhesion factors. MLKL-IN-6 has low cytotoxicity, and it inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation, reduces liver fibrosis marker levels, and has anti-fibrotic effects.
    MLKL-IN-6
  • HY-121954
    Necrostatin-1 (inactive control)
    		Control 98.60%
    Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (inactive control) is an inactive analog of Necrostatin-1 (HY-15760). Necrostatin-1 is a potent necroptosis inhibitor.
    Necrostatin-1 (inactive control)
  • HY-B1984
    p,p'-DDD
    		Inducer 99.71%
    p,p'-DDD (4,4’-DDD) is an organochlorine insecticide, a major metabolite of p,p'-DDT. p,p'-DDD is an agonist at estrogen receptor α(ERα) and ERβ. p,p'-DDD increases DNA damage, apoptosis and necrosis in peripheral blood. p,p'-DDD stimulates cell proliferation in SKBR3 cells. p,p'-DDD activates the AP-1 transcription factor. p,p'-DDD decreases sleep times of barbiturates and steroids in rats.
    p,p'-DDD
  • HY-149258
    KWCN-41
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    KWCN-41 is a selective and efficient inhibitor of RIPK1 kinase with an IC50 value of 88 nM. KWCN-41 specifically inhibits cell necrosis but does not inhibit apoptosis. KWCN-41 also has anti-inflammatory effects.
    KWCN-41
  • HY-148454
    Necroptosis-IN-3
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Necroptosis-IN-3 (Compound 69) is a necroptosis inhibitor that inhibits TNF-α induced necroptosis. Necroptosis-IN-3 (Compound STX1638) also inhibits 11β-HSD1.
    Necroptosis-IN-3
  • HY-B0339R
    Primidone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Primidone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Primidone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Primidone is the orally active inhibitor for TRPM3 (IC50 = 0.6 μM), RIP kinase and voltage-gated sodium channel, and the antagonist for GABA receptor. Primidone can be used as the analgesic and anticonvulsant agent.
    Primidone (Standard)
  • HY-162424
    ZBP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1
    		Activator 99.73%
    ZBP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1 (compound 3a) is a synthetically derived quinoline compound. ZBP1/RIP3/MLKL Activator 1 induces DNA damage, enhances intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggers apoptosis via the caspase pathway. Furthermore, when apoptosis is inhibited, ZBP1/RIP3/MLKL Activator 1 promotes necroptotic cell death through the ZBP1-RIP3-MLKL pathway. ZBP1/RIP3/MLKL Activator 1 is utilized in oncological research, particularly in the selective targeting of cells with impaired apoptotic function.
    ZBP1/RIP3/MLKL activator 1
  • HY-N3417
    Kongensin A
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Kongensin A is a natural product isolated from Croton kongensis. Kongensin A is an effective, covalent HSP90 inhibitor that blocks RIP3-dependent necroptosishas. Kongensin A is a potent necroptosis inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. Kongensin A has potential anti-necroptosis and anti-inflammation applications.
    Kongensin A
  • HY-B1218R
    Sulfaphenazole (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Sulfaphenazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sulfaphenazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sulfaphenazole is a selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme. Sulfaphenazole is a cytoprotective agent against light-induced death of photoreceptors. Sulfaphenazole inhibits light-induced necrosis and mitochondrial stress-initiated apoptosis. Sulfaphenazole is an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic and demonstrates bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. Sulfaphenazole can significantly reduce infarct size and restore post-ischemic coronary flow following ischemia and reperfusion.
    Sulfaphenazole (Standard)