2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-168717
    Antitumor agent-190
    Antitumor agent-190 (Compound 26) is a Hexokinase 2 inhibitor that demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity by targeting microtubules and Hexokinase 2, with an IC50 value of 0.764 μM against MD-MBA-231 cells. Antitumor agent-190 effectively inhibits the activity of Hexokinase 2, leading to the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), thereby promoting apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle.
    Antitumor agent-190
  • HY-169581
    DIM-C-pPhtBu
    		Inducer
    DIM-C-pPhtBu is an orally active endoplasmic reticulum stress activator. DIM-C-pPhtBu induces mitochondrial and lysosome dysfunction, excessive mitosis, ROS production, and unfolded protein response-mediated cell death in neck cancer cells. DIM-C-pPhtBu has antitumor activity.
    DIM-C-pPhtBu
  • HY-162886
    BSO-07
    		Activator
    BSO-07 is a ROS/JNK activator with significant anticancer effects, having an IC50 value of 24.81 μM against human breast cancer (BC) cells. BSO-07 induces apoptosis (Apoptosis) and paraptosis by activating JNK and increasing ROS levels, including enhancing the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins such as PARP, Bax, phosphorylated p53, ATF4, and CHOP, while decreasing the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Survivin. BSO-07 holds promise for research in the field of breast cancer.
    BSO-07
  • HY-P991381
    JST-TfR09
    		Agonist
    TXB4 (PPMX-T003) is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting CD71. JST-TfR09 can induce ferroptosis by reducing ferritin levels in ATLL cell lines, increasing the generation of ferrous iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inducing lipid peroxidation via malondialdehyde. JST-TfR09 can be used in leukemia research. Recommended isotype control: Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001).
    JST-TfR09
  • HY-141861
    Anticancer agent 17
    Anticancer agent 17 displays potent anticancer activities against HeLa and A2780 cells with IC50 values of 0.19 μM and 0.09 μM, respectively.
    Anticancer agent 17
  • HY-161267
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4 (Compound TC11) is a potent mitochondrial respiration inhibitor. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4 impairs Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in and induces apoptosis in MCF7 cells.
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4
  • HY-146444
    Anticancer agent 56
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 56 (compound 4d) is a potent anti-cancer agent with agent-likeness properties, possessing anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines (IC50<3 μM). Anticancer agent 56 induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Anticancer agent 56 acts by accumulation of ROS, up regulation of BAX, down regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases 3, 7, 9.
    Anticancer agent 56
  • HY-N15380
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D
    		Inducer
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D (Compound 12) is a PARP1 inhibitor. 4,4′-Secalonic acid D induces the accumulation of ROS and DNA damage, activates the caspase-3/GSDME pathway, and triggers apoptosis and pyroptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting PARP1. 4,4′-Secalonic acid D has anti-tumor activity.
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D
  • HY-163034
    Antitumor photosensitizer-5
    		Inducer
    Antitumor photosensitizer-5 (Ru2) is a photosensitizer which effectively target tumor mitochondria with an IC50 of 0.3 μM for phototoxicity to A549 cells. Under 460 nm light irradiation, antitumor photosensitizer-5 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and NADH depletion, causes mitochondrial damage and activation of caspase-3, inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell migration. Antitumor photosensitizer-5 has the potential to prevent the growth of malignant tumors, therefore, shows the potential to be applied to photodynamic therapy.
    Antitumor photosensitizer-5
  • HY-N0056R
    Isochlorogenic acid A (Standard)
    Isochlorogenic acid A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isochlorogenic acid A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) is a natural phenolic acid with anti-mutagenicity, anti-HBV, anti-HIV, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatoryy activities.
    Isochlorogenic acid A (Standard)
  • HY-161786
    Bcl-2-IN-20
    		Inducer
    Bcl-2-IN-20 (Compound 81) is an inhibitor for Bcl-2 with IC50 <10 μM (79.1% inhibition at 9 μM). Bcl-2-IN-20 exhibits cytotoxicity in SK-MEL-28 (IC50>10 μM), A549 (IC50=6.1 μM), HepG2 (IC50>10 μM), MCF-7 (IC50=8.9 μM), HCT116 (IC50>10 μM) and HEK-293 (IC50=14.1 μM). Bcl-2-IN-20 promotes the ROS production, induces apoptosis and DNA damage.
    Bcl-2-IN-20
  • HY-161279
    Antibiofilm agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antibiofilm agent-5 (compound 6c) is a multitargeting antibacterial agent with potent antibiofilm activity. Antibiofilm agent-5 could induce metabolic dysfunction by deactivating lactate dehydrogenase and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to decrease the reduced glutathione and ultimately cause oxidative damage in bacteria. Antibiofilm agent-5 can be used for the research of refractory biofilm-intensified bacterial infections.
    Antibiofilm agent-5
  • HY-N7063R
    Nerol (Standard)
    		Activator
    Nerol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nerol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol (Standard)
  • HY-N11895
    Isorabaichromone
    Isorabaichromone is a potent antioxidant agent. Isorabaichromone shows a potent antioxidative activity and exhibits DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities.
    Isorabaichromone
  • HY-15930B
    TMB dihydrochloride x.hydrate
    TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride x hydrate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB dihydrochloride x.hydrate
  • HY-158205
    HPO-DAEE
    		Inducer
    HPO-DAEE (4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester) elicits nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and activated antioxidant response element (ARE). HPO-DAEE induces antioxidant genes upregulation (eg: HO-1) through Nrf2-ARE signaling. HPO-DAEE induces reactive oxygen species generation. HPO-DAEE also inhibits histone deacetylase and upregulate expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase via histone acetylation. HPO-DAEE protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death via activation of Nrf2-ARE and eIF2α-ATF4 pathways.
    HPO-DAEE
  • HY-N4174
    Raddeanoside 20
    Raddeanoside 20 is a triterpenoid isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana. Raddeanoside 20 can suppresse superoxide generation.
    Raddeanoside 20
  • HY-B1115AS
    Buspirone-d8
    Buspirone-d8 is deuterium labeled Buspirone.
    Buspirone-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-161475
    Luciferase-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    Luciferase-IN-4 (Compound 6b) is an inhibitor for luciferase with IC50 of 4.1 μM. Luciferase-IN-4 inhibits purified luciferase in P. pyralis with IC50 of 2.0 μM.
    Luciferase-IN-4
  • HY-172209
    PPIA-IN-1
    		Inducer
    PPIA-IN-1 (Compound 20b) is the inhibitor for peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) with a KD of 0.52 μM. PPIA-IN-1 exhibits antiproliferative activity in a variety of cancer cell lines (IC50 for HCT116 is 0.69 μM), arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and exhibits anti-metastatic effect in cell HCT116. PPIA-IN-1 increases ROS, causes DNA damage, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing apoptosis in HCT116 through MAPK pathway. PPIA-IN-1 exhibits antitumor activity in mouse CT26 xenograft models.
    PPIA-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity