2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor
  4. PPAR

PPAR

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

PPAR

Related Products

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PPARs (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis of higher organisms. All PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific regions on the DNA of target genes. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis. Activation of PPAR-γ enhances glucose metabolism, whereas activation of PPAR-β/δ enhances fatty acids metabolism.

PPAR Isoform Specific Products:

PPAR Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-120596
    PPARδ/γ agonist 1 sodium
    		Agonist 98.86%
    PPARδ/γ agonist 1 sodium is a chemically unique and brain penetrant dual PPAR delta/gamma agonist. PPARδ/γ agonist 1 sodium can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    PPARδ/γ agonist 1 sodium
  • HY-10678
    BMS-687453
    		Agonist 99.31%
    BMS-687453 is a potent and selective PPARα agonist, with an EC50 and IC50 of 10 nM and 260 nM for human PPARα and 4100 nM and >15000 nM for PPARγ in PPAR-GAL4 transactivation assays.
    BMS-687453
  • HY-14792B
    Inolitazone dihydrochloride
    		Agonist 98.86%
    Inolitazone dihydrochloride (Efatutazone dihydrochloride) is a novel high-affinity PPARγ agonist that is dependent upon PPARγ for its biological activity with IC50 of 0.8 nM for growth inhibition.
    Inolitazone dihydrochloride
  • HY-14928A
    Lobeglitazone sulfate
    		Agonist 99.63%
    Lobeglitazone sulfate is a new type of thiazolidinedione. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the orally active agonist for PPAR with EC50 of 137.4 nM and 546.3 nM for PPARγ and PPARα. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the inhibitor for ERK/JNK/Smad/NF-κB signaling pathway. Lobeglitazone sulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties.
    Lobeglitazone sulfate
  • HY-N7043
    Isosilybin A
    		Agonist 99.63%
    Isosilybin A is a PPARγ agonist that can be isolated from silymarin. Isosilybin A activates extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis through targeting of the Akt-NF-kB-AR axis. Isosilybin A can relieve the inflammatory response in the rosacea model via inhibiting Erk and p38 signaling pathways and M1 macrophage polarization, with its targets related to RELA and VEGFA. Isosilybin A has anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity[1][2][3].
    Isosilybin A
  • HY-N2925
    β-Amyrone
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    β-Amyrone (β-Amyron) is a triterpene compound which has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the expression of COX-2. β-Amyrone has antifungal activity , as well as antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus. β-Amyrone also inhibits α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. β-Amyrone can be used in the research of disease like inflammation, infection, and obesity.
    β-Amyrone
  • HY-148351
    BAY-0069
    		Antagonist 98.07%
    BAY-0069 is a potent and selective PPARγ inverse agonist with an IC50 value of 6.3 nM and 24 nM for human PPARγ and mouse PPARγ. BAY-0069 can be used to research cancer.
    BAY-0069
  • HY-116699
    CP-868388 free base
    		Agonist 99.66%
    CP-868388 free base is a potent, selective and orally active PPARα agonist with a Ki value of 10.8 nM. CP-868388 free base has little or no affinity for PPARβ (Ki of 3.47 μM) and PPARγ. CP-868388 free base has hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory actions.
    CP-868388 free base
  • HY-128487
    H-​Trp-​Glu-​OH
    		Antagonist 99.95%
    H-​Trp-​Glu-​OH is a selective, reversible and cell-permeable PPARγ with a Kd of ~8 µM. H-​Trp-​Glu-​OH might be developed as a possible lead compound in diabetes research.
    H-​Trp-​Glu-​OH
  • HY-108568S
    15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2-d4
    		Agonist 98.10%
    15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2-d4 is the deuterium labeled 15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2. 15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin and a metabolite of PGD2. 15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 is a selective PPARγ (EC50 of 2 μM) and a covalent PPARδ agonist. 15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 promotes efficient differentiation of C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts to adipocytes with an EC50 of 7 μM.
    15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-106181
    Rivoglitazone
    		Agonist 98.59%
    Rivoglitazone is a thiazolidinedione-derivative PPARγ agonist for the research of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Rivoglitazone
  • HY-101481
    Flurbiprofen axetil
    		Agonist 99.34%
    Flurbiprofen axetil is a non-selective COX inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Flurbiprofen axetil inhibits basal-like breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Flurbiprofen axetil can promote neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by partially activating PPAR-γ. Flurbiprofen axetil alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation in a transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Flurbiprofen axetil can alleviate inflammatory responses and cognitive function in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) SD rat model through the AMPKα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
    Flurbiprofen axetil
  • HY-121457
    9-Nitrooleate
    		Agonist 99.4%
    9-Nitrooleate is a nitrated fatty acid that is formed through NO-dependent oxidation. 9-Nitrooleate has the potential for vascular diseases research.
    9-Nitrooleate
  • HY-N3307
    (+)-Medioresinol
    		98.88%
    (+)-Medioresinol is a furofuran-type lignan with antifungal and antibacterial properties. (+)-Medioresinol synergizes with antibiotics to exert antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects. (+)-Medioresinol induces intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans. (+)-Medioresinol inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-stimulated IL-12p40 production. (+)-Medioresinol is a PGC-1α activator that protects against endothelial cell pyroptosis in ischemic stroke via the PPARα-GOT1 axis. (+)-Medioresinol can be used in research on fungal and bacterial infection, inflammation, and ischemic stroke.
    (+)-Medioresinol
  • HY-168049
    ZLY06
    		Agonist 98.75%
    ZLY06 is an orally active dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ and γ (PPAR δ: EC50=341 nM; PPAR γ: EC50=237 nM). ZLY06 induces hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT1, mediating the upregulation of CD36. In addition, ZLY06 significantly improves glucose and lipid metabolism without increasing body weight, and alleviates fatty liver by promoting β-oxidation of fatty acids and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis.
    ZLY06
  • HY-128671
    6-​Thioinosine
    		Inhibitor 99.31%
    6-Thioinosine (6TI) is a purine antimetabolite and an anti-adipogenic agent. 6-Thioinosine reduces the mRNA levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα and downregulates the mRNA levels of PPARγ target genes (LPL, CD36, aP2, and LXRα). 6-Thioinosine exerts its anti-adipogenic effects by downregulating PPARγ through JNK-dependent iNOS upregulation. 6-Thioinosine can be used to study adipocyte dysfunction.
    6-​Thioinosine
  • HY-101292
    FK614
    		Agonist 99.97%
    FK614 is an orally active, non-thiazolidinedione (TZD) type, and selective PPARγ modulator (SPPARM). FK614 functions as a PPARγ agonist with potent anti-diabetic activity in vivo. FK614 has different effects on the activation of PPARγ at each stage of adipocyte differentiation. FK614 can be used for the research of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes.
    FK614
  • HY-141921S
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium-d6
    		Activator 99.61%
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt-d6 (DHEA sulfate sodium salt-d6; Prasterone sulfate sodium salt-d6) is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (HY-B0765). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality.
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-113416R
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (HY-113416). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality.
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Standard)
  • HY-100428
    Netoglitazone
    		Agonist 99.88%
    Netoglitazone is a dual agonist of PPARα and PPARγ with antihyperglycemic activity.
    Netoglitazone
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
PPAR Isoform Comparison

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