1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-170591
    p53 Activator 14
    p53 Activator
    p53 Activator 14 (Compound 7A) is a derivative of Neratinib (HY-32721), that induces DNA damage, activates p53, and inhibits the proliferation of multi cancer cells (IC50=7.21 μM for HCT116 cell). p53 Activator 14 inhibits the adhesion, migration and invasion of HCT116, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. p53 Activator 14 inhibits angiogenesis and exhibits antitumor efficacy in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.
    p53 Activator 14
  • HY-N10502
    Colletofragarone A2
    Inhibitor
    Colletofragarone A2 can be be isolated from the fungus Colletotrichum sp. (13S020). Colletofragarone A2 inhibits mutant p53 and HSP90 with anti-cancer activity. Colletofragarone A2 promotes degradation and aggregation of mutant p53 and suppressing tumor growth in vivo.
    Colletofragarone A2
  • HY-125660
    Leucettamol A
    Activator
    Leucettamol A is an inhibitor of Ubc13 (ubiquitin E2 enzyme)-Uev1A interaction, with an IC50 of 50 μg/mL. Leucettamol A can potentially activate the expression of cancer suppressor p53 and is a precursor of anticancer agents. Leucettamol A can be isolated from a marine sponge, Leucetta aff. Microrhaphis.
    Leucettamol A
  • HY-118912
    BMH-9
    Activator
    BMH-9 (Compound Z54) is a modulator for nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6 (NR2F6) (also known as nuclear orphan receptor Ear2). BMH-9 is an activator for p53 signaling pathway through interaction with DNA. BMH-9 inhibits proliferation of human cancer cells, exhibits antitumor efficacy in NOD-SCID mouse models.
    BMH-9
  • HY-144104
    NSC90616
    Activator
    NSC90616 is a mutant p53 rescue compound.
    NSC90616
  • HY-W287494
    Antitumor agent-202
    Modulator
    Antitumor agent-202 is a stabilizer of the p53 Y220C mutant. It exhibits a selective inhibitory effect on the proliferation of tumor cells carrying the p53 Y220C mutation and can be applied to the research of cancers associated with the p53 Y220C mutation.
    Antitumor agent-202
  • HY-124072
    HL001
    Modulator
    HL001 is an orally active small molecule inhibitor of Cyclophilin A (CypA) and a receptor antagonist of Lysophosphatidic acid 1 (LPA1). HL001 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells by p53. HL001 stabilizes p53 by down-regulating G3BP1, inducing reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. HL001 disrupts the interaction between MDM2 and p53-72R in a CypA dependent manner. HL001 has antitumor activity. HL001 can also be used to study pulmonary fibrosis.
    HL001
  • HY-12579
    RO 2468
    Inhibitor
    RO 2468 is a potent, orally active and selective p53-MDM2 inhibitor. RO 2468 has anti-proliferative active. RO 2468 suppresses c growth in SJSA1 osteosarcoma models without obvious toxicity.
    RO 2468
  • HY-149250
    MDMX/MDM2-IN-2
    Inhibitor
    MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 is a potent p53-MDM2/MDMX dual inhibitors with Kis of 0.23 μM and 2.45 μM for MDM2 and MDMX, respectively. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 inhibits the binding of p53 and MDM2 proteins. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 restores the function of p53 and enables cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 inhibits cell migration and invasion. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 has antitumor activity.
    MDMX/MDM2-IN-2
  • HY-W708917
    Lumichrome-d8
    Lumichrome-d8 is the deuterium labeled Lumichrome (HY-115385). Lumichrome, a photodegradation product of Riboflavin, is an endogenous compound in humans. Lumichrome inhibits human lung cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mechanism. Lumichrom is the inhibitor for AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
    Lumichrome-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-N0068R
    Solasodine (Standard)
    MDM2 Inhibitor
    Solasodine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solasodine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Solasodine (Standard)
  • HY-128843
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4
    MDM2 Inhibitor
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase.
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4
  • HY-174301
    USP7-IN-18
    Activator
    USP7-IN-18 is a naphthalene derivative. USP7-IN-18 is a selective USP7 inhibitor (IC50 : 130.9 nM), with no or very weak inhibition of the other 8 DUBs including USP47. USP7-IN-18 specifically binds to the catalytic domain of USP7, blocking its deubiquitinase activity. USP7-IN-18 causes degradation of the oncogenic proteins MDM2 and DNMT1, and also degrades the novel target PCLAF. USP7-IN-18 activates the p53-p21 pathway. USP7-IN-18 exerts anti-tumor effects in colon cancer animal models and reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment. USP7-IN-18 achieves both direct cytotoxic and immune-synergistic anti-tumor actions.
    USP7-IN-18
  • HY-168606A
    p53-MDM2-IN-7 hydrochloride
    Inhibitor
    p53-MDM2-IN-7 (compound 6d) (hydrochloride) is a p53-MDM2 inhibitor. p53-MDM2-IN-7 has an IC50 value of 8.13 μM against A549 cells. p53-MDM2-IN-7 can be used in anti-cancer research.
    p53-MDM2-IN-7 hydrochloride
  • HY-159606
    MS182
    Inhibitor
    MS182 (compound 11) is an acetylation targeting chimera (AceTAC) designed based on p53Y220C stabilizer and targeting p53Y220C. MS182 is composed of p53Y220C and p300/CBP binders, respectively, coupled by a linker. MS182 forms a ternary complex with p300/CBP acetyltransferase and p53Y220C in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, effectively acetylating lysine at position 382 of p53Y220C (ACE50: 1.52 μM). MS182 also exhibited considerable bioavailability in mice, with GI50 values of 2.16 μM and 1.83 μM for BxPC3 (p53Y220C/-) and NUGC (p53Y220C/+), respectively.
    MS182
  • HY-P5343
    p53 CBS
    p53 CBS (p53 Consensus binding sequence) is a biological active peptide. (p53 consensus DNA binding site)
    p53 CBS
  • HY-145907
    p53-HDM2-IN-1
    Inhibitor
    p53-HDM2-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of p53-HDM2 protein-protein interaction, with an IC50 of 0.103 μM. p53-HDM2-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer.
    p53-HDM2-IN-1
  • HY-133760
    MI-888
    Inhibitor
    MI-888 is an orally active MDM2 inhibitor with a Ki of 0.44 nM. MI-888 can inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction. MI-888 has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and anti-tumor activity.
    MI-888
  • HY-W750535
    Triglycidyl Isocyanurate-d15
    Triglycidyl Isocyanurate-d15 is the deuterium labeled Triglycidyl isocyanurate (HY-W011434). Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Triglycidyl isocyanurate inhibits the growth of non-small-cell-lung cancer cells via p53 activation. Triglycidyl isocyanurate induces cell apoptosis. Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used for cancer research.
    Triglycidyl Isocyanurate-d<sub>15</sub>
  • HY-123950
    MMRi64
    Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    MMRi64 disrupts Mdm2-MdmX interactions. MMRi64 downregulates Mdm2 and MdmX in leukemia cells. MMRi64 induces p53 accumulation, and induces the apoptotic arm of the p53 pathway in leukemia/lymphoma cells. MMRi64 can be used for cancer research.
    MMRi64
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.