2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

Related Products

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W010037R
    2-(tert-Butyl)-4-methoxyphenol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2-(tert-Butyl)-4-methoxyphenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-(tert-Butyl)-4-methoxyphenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol is a major component of Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) (HY-B1066). 2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol is an antioxidant agent, that inhibits expression of Cox2 and Tnfa genes upon stimulation with Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056). 2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, combined with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT).
    2-(tert-Butyl)-4-methoxyphenol (Standard)
  • HY-N6663R
    3-Carene (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    3-Carene (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Carene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene in essential oils extracted from pine trees. 3-Carene inhibits nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression, and with antinociceptive effect. 3-Carene stimulates the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase that is an early phase marker of osteoblastic differentiation.
    3-Carene (Standard)
  • HY-14397R
    Indomethacin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Indomethacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.
    Indomethacin (Standard)
  • HY-B1221R
    Flufenamic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Flufenamic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flufenamic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), activates AMPK, and also modulates ion channels, blocking chloride channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, modulating non-selective cation channels (NSC), activating K+ channels. Flufenamic acid binds to the central pocket of TEAD2 YBD and inhibits both TEAD function and TEAD-YAP-dependent processes, such as cell migration and proliferation.
    Flufenamic acid (Standard)
  • HY-B1026R
    Adelmidrol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Adelmidrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adelmidrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adelmidrol exerts important anti-inflammatory effects that are partly dependent on PPARγ. Adelmidrol reduces NF-κB translocation, and COX-2 expression.
    Adelmidrol (Standard)
  • HY-105142
    M-5011
    		Inhibitor
    M-5011 is a potent and orally active anti-inflammatory agent. M-5011 shows potent antinociceptive effects and inhibits kaolin (HY-W115786)-induced writhing. M-5011 decreases peritoneal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels with low ulcerogenic activities. M-5011 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects and analgesic effect.
    M-5011
  • HY-B2137R
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of S-(+)-Ketoprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. S-(+)-Ketoprofen is a potent inhibitor of both COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 1.9 and 27 nM, respectively.
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Standard)
  • HY-W013164R
    SC-58125 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    SC-58125 is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), with an IC50 of 0.04 μM. SC-58125 exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. SC-58125 also can inhibit edema at the inflammatory site and has analgesic effect.
    SC-58125 (Standard)
  • HY-B0580S1
    Ketorolac-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Ketorolac-d4 (RS37619 D4) is the deuterium labeled Ketorolac. Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2.
    Ketorolac-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-118133
    4'-Hydroxy flurbiprofen
    		Inhibitor
    4'-Hydroxy flurbiprofen is an oxidative metabolite of Flurbiprofen (HY-10582) via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. 4'-Hydroxy flurbiprofen inhibits COX-1 by 94% at a concentration of 1000 µM.
    4'-Hydroxy flurbiprofen
  • HY-A0273R
    Propyphenazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Propyphenazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propyphenazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propyphenazone (4-Isopropylantipyrine) is an orally active nonacidic pyrazole nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Propyphenazone is a weak nonselective COX inhibitor. Propyphenazone has the effect of reducing pain and antipyretic activity with minimal anti-inflammatory activity.
    Propyphenazone (Standard)
  • HY-101481R
    Flurbiprofen axetil (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Flurbiprofen axetil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flurbiprofen axetil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flurbiprofen axetil is a non-selective COX inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Flurbiprofen axetil inhibits basal-like breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Flurbiprofen axetil can promote neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by partially activating PPAR-γ. Flurbiprofen axetil alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation in a transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Flurbiprofen axetil can alleviate inflammatory responses and cognitive function in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) SD rat model through the AMPKα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
    Flurbiprofen axetil (Standard)
  • HY-B0559R
    Nabumetone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Nabumetone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nabumetone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nabumetone is an orally active non-acidic anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor, and is the proagent of the active metabolite 6MNA.
    Nabumetone (Standard)
  • HY-17485R
    Alminoprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Alminoprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Alminoprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Alminoprofen (EB-382) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) of the phenylpropionic acid class. Alminoprofen possesses a dual anti-inflammatory action, by inhibiting both secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and COX-2.
    Alminoprofen (Standard)
  • HY-N2518R
    Agnuside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Agnuside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Agnuside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo.
    Agnuside (Standard)
  • HY-131259R
    Ibuprofen Impurity F (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen Impurity F (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ibuprofen Impurity F. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ibuprofen Impurity F is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    Ibuprofen Impurity F (Standard)
  • HY-N7108R
    7-Hydroxyflavone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    7-Hydroxyflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 7-Hydroxyflavone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. 7-Hydroxyflavone inhibits PKM2 with an IC50 of 2.12 μM. 7-Hydroxyflavone inhibits COX-2 and 5-LOX with IC50 of 27 µg/mL and 33 µg/mL. 7-Hydroxyflavone is orally active.
    7-Hydroxyflavone (Standard)
  • HY-N0149R
    Salicin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Salicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salicin is a natural COX inhibitor.
    Salicin (Standard)
  • HY-106514
    Prifelone
    		Inhibitor
    Prifelone (R 830; R 830T; S 16820) is a di-tert-butylphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Prifelone inhibits guinea pig lung oxygenase and bovine seminal vesicle cyclooxygenase.
    Prifelone
  • HY-14445R
    FK 3311 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    FK 3311 (Standard) is the analytical standard of FK 3311. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. FK 3311 (COX-2 Inhibitor V) is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 with antiinflammatory agent.
    FK 3311 (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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