2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-17474S
    Parecoxib-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Parecoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Parecoxib. Parecoxib (SC 69124) is a highly selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, the proagent of Valdecoxib (HY-15762). Parecoxib Sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Parecoxib can be used for the relief of acute postoperative pain and symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in vivo.
    Parecoxib-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-146371
    COX-2-IN-13
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-13 (compound 13e) is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 0.98 μM. COX-2-IN-13 is an anti-inflammatory agent. COX-2-IN-13 shows safety in-vivo acute toxicity study.
    COX-2-IN-13
  • HY-B0261A
    Meloxicam sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Meloxicam sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 µM and 36.6 µM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam sodium
  • HY-159564
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-3 (compound 7d) is a dual inhibitor of iNOS and COX-2, with potential anti-inflammatory activity against LPS (HY-D1056)-induced RAW 264.7 cells (IC50=3.48 μM). iNOS/COX-2-IN-3 has good plasma stability, oral activity and gastric safety, and its inhibitory activity on iNOS and COX-2 expression is 5.43-fold and 2.37-fold that of Indomethacin (HY-14397), respectively.
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-3
  • HY-15321R
    Etoricoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Etoricoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etoricoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
    Etoricoxib (Standard)
  • HY-168070
    COX-2-IN-48
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-48 (5-25), a COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 51.7 nM for human COX-2, exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in various rodent models by inhibiting NF-κB pathway. COX-2-IN-48 (5-25) inhibits the degradation of IκB, the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS.
    COX-2-IN-48
  • HY-149269
    COX-2-IN-30
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-30 is a benzenesulfonamide derivative, as well as an orally active and dual inhibitor of COX (IC50=49 nM for COX-2, 10.4 μM for COX-1) and 5-LOX (IC50=2.4 μM). COX-2-IN-30 also inhibits transmembrane hCA IX and hCA XII isoform with nanomolar calss Ki values. COX-2-IN-30 exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic activities, and does not show acute gastric effect.
    COX-2-IN-30
  • HY-78131AS
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 98.87%
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium labeled (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen is the S(+)-enantiomer of Ibuprofen that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity with IC50s of 2.1 μM and 1.6 μM. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen has analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects.
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0232R
    Psoralidin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Psoralidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Psoralidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation.
    Psoralidin (Standard)
  • HY-N8469R
    cis-5-Dodecenoic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    cis-5-Dodecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of cis-5-Dodecenoic acid (HY-N8469). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. cis-5-Dodecenoic acid is an inhibitor of COX-I and COX-II with anti-inflammatory activity. cis-5-Dodecenoic acid reduces prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting COX enzyme activity and is involved in the fatty acid -β oxidative metabolic pathway. The metabolic rate of cis-5-Dodecenoic acid is significantly lower than that of saturated fatty acids. cis-5-Dodecenoic acid can be used in the research of anti-inflammation, fatty acid metabolism mechanisms and related physiological and pathological processes.
    cis-5-Dodecenoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-145988
    COX-2-IN-11
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-11 (compound 7b2) is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2. COX-2-IN-11 has the potential for the research of inflammation diseases.
    COX-2-IN-11
  • HY-165027
    DL-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate
    		Inhibitor
    DL-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate is a compound with anti-inflammatory and anticancer preventive potential that inhibits the activities of NOX, iNOS, and COX-2 in inflammatory cells and exhibits preventive activity in multiple inflammation-related cancer models.
    DL-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate
  • HY-B0808A
    Oxaprozin potassium
    		Inhibitor
    Oxaprozin potassium is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin potassium also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin potassium induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin potassium shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin potassium-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.
    Oxaprozin potassium
  • HY-155161
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-4 (compound 5i) is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/15-LOX with IC50s of 0.075 μM and 1.97 μM, respectively. COX-2/15-LOX-IN-4 can inhibit LPS-induced cell production of promoting cytokines (IL-6, ROS) with specific anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-4
  • HY-161294
    COX-2-IN-41
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-41 (compound 5e) is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 (IC50=1.74 μM). Compared with COX-1, the selectivity IC50 (COX-1)/IC50(COX-2) =16.32.
    COX-2-IN-41
  • HY-N2599
    Taraxerol acetate
    		Inhibitor
    Taraxerol acetate is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 116.3 μM and 94.7 μM, respectively. Taraxerol acetate the has the anticancer potential and induces cell apoptosis.
    Taraxerol acetate
  • HY-163355
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5 (Compound 4f) is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/15-LOX. COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5 attenuates increased NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages mediated by lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056). COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5
  • HY-111950
    (-)-Ibuprofenamide
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Ibuprofenamide is an amide proagent of Ibuprofen with anti-inflammatory activity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    (-)-Ibuprofenamide
  • HY-15037S2
    Diclofenac-13C6 sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac-13C6 (Sodium) is the 13C6 labeled Diclofenac (Sodium). Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac Sodium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub> sodium
  • HY-115934
    COX-2-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-7 (compound 4a) is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 6.585 uM. COX-2-IN-7 has higher COX-2 selectivity than Celecoxib. COX-2-IN-7 shows good in vivo anti-inflammatory and low ulcerogenic activity.
    COX-2-IN-7
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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