2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15321S1
    Etoricoxib-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Etoricoxib-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Etoricoxib. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
    Etoricoxib-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-121828
    TX-1123
    		Inhibitor
    TX-1123 is a potent protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor for Src, eEF2-K, and PKA, and EGFR-K/PKC. TX-1123 is a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.16 μM and 15.7 μM for COX2 and COX1, respectively. TX-1123 has low mitochondrial toxicity. TX-1123 can be used in research of cancer.
    TX-1123
  • HY-147815
    COX-2-IN-21
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-21 (Compound 5c) is a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.039 μM. COX-2-IN-21 shows promising anti-inflammatory potential.
    COX-2-IN-21
  • HY-137957
    Longiferone B
    		Inhibitor
    Longiferone B is a daucane sesquiterpene, that can be isolated from Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes. Longiferone B shows anti-inflammatory activity against NO release with an IC50 of 21.0 μM. Longiferone B also suppresses the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression.
    Longiferone B
  • HY-W707656
    Aspirin-d7
    Aspirin-d7 is the deuterium labeled Aspirin (HY-14654). Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin induces apoptosis. Aspirin inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
    Aspirin-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-W753956
    Iminostilbene-d10
    Iminostilbene-d10 is the deuterium labeled Iminostilbene (HY-N7064). Iminostilbene is a chemical precursor of carbamazepine. Additionally, Iminostilbene is an orally active inhibitor of PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase M2) and COX2 (Cyclooxygenase-2). Iminostilbene exerts its effects by inhibiting PKM2 and its interaction with HIF-1α and STAT3, reducing COX2 and iNOS expression, and decreasing LPS-induced release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, thereby suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and improving myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Iminostilbene holds promise for research in inflammation regulation, cardiovascular diseases (such as MI/R injury), and macrophage-mediated immune-related diseases.
    Iminostilbene-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-150551
    COX-2-IN-27
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-27 is a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 13.22, 0.045, 1.67 µM for COX-1, COX-2, 15-LOX, respectively. COX-2-IN-27 shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-27
  • HY-123639
    LM-4108
    		Inhibitor
    LM-4108 (N-(2-Phenylethyl)-indomethacin amide) is a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.06 μM for purified human COX-2. LM-4108 shows anti-inflammatory activity and may be effective in prevention of cancer. Half-lives for the disappearance of 10 μM LM-4108 in rat, human, and mouse liver microsomes were 11 min, 21 min, and 51 min, respectively.
    LM-4108
  • HY-N7878
    Tectorigenin sodium sulfonate
    		Inhibitor
    Tectorigenin sodium sulfonate is the product of tectorigenin sulfonated with sulfuric acid and mixed with saturated salt water. Tectorigenin sodium sulfonate has high water-solubility and good antioxidant properties.
    Tectorigenin sodium sulfonate
  • HY-B0808S1
    Oxaprozin-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Oxaprozin-d5 is deuterium labeled Oxaprozin. Oxaprozin is an inhibitor of both COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 2.2 μM and 36 μM for human platelet COX-1 and IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin also inhibits the activation of NF-κB.
    Oxaprozin-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N0889R
    Ginkgetin (Standard)
    Ginkgetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginkgetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginkgetin, a biflavone, is isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgetin exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fungal activities. Ginkgetin is also a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, with an IC50 of 5.92 μΜ.
    Ginkgetin (Standard)
  • HY-N0898AR
    (-)-Catechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Catechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Catechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Catechin is Catechin's one kind of different structure. Catechin inhibitory enzyme-1 (COX-1), IC50 of 1.4 μM. (-)-Catechin promotes hBM-MSC adipose cell differentiation, increases fat cell differentiation, and PPARγ level.
    (-)-Catechin (Standard)
  • HY-108162A
    Ataquimast
    		Inhibitor
    Ataquimast is a COX-2 inhibitor that inhibits the release of leukotrienes, TNF-α and GM-CSF. Ataquimast can be used in the study of advanced receptor-positive breast cancer.
    Ataquimast
  • HY-172790
    Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl
    		Inhibitor
    Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl (compound 1a) is a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase with IC50 values of 0.146 nM, 0.003 nM, 0.64 nM for COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX, respectively. Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl has anti-inflammatory activity.
    Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl
  • HY-115936
    COX-2-IN-9
    COX-2-IN-9 (compound 7a) is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 10.17 uM. COX-2-IN-9 has higher COX-2 selectivity than Celecoxib. COX-2-IN-9 shows good in vivo anti-inflammatory and low ulcerogenic activity.
    COX-2-IN-9
  • HY-116947
    COX-2-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-5 (compound 11a) is a potent COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.65 µM. COX-2-IN-5 has the potential for the research of inflammation.
    COX-2-IN-5
  • HY-N1380S4
    Guaiacol-d4-1
    Guaiacol-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Guaiacol. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol-d<sub>4</sub>-1
  • HY-B1227S1
    Carprofen-13C,d3
    Carprofen-13C,d3 is the deuterium and 13C labeled Carprofen. Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
    Carprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-146295
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 (5b) is a potent and dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 is a benzothiophen-2-yl pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 shows the most potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities surpassing that of Celecoxib and Indomethacin. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 shows potent COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory activity with IC50s of 5.40, 0.01 and 1.78 μM, respectively.
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2
  • HY-119018
    AHR-6293
    		Inhibitor
    AHR-6293 is an orally effective and potent anti-inflammatory agent. AHR-6293 has a better anti-inflammatory effect than AHR-5850, but does not have the activity of inhibiting platelet aggregation.
    AHR-6293
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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