2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-172790
    Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl
    		Inhibitor
    Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl (compound 1a) is a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase with IC50 values of 0.146 nM, 0.003 nM, 0.64 nM for COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX, respectively. Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl has anti-inflammatory activity.
    Cbz-(S,S)-Pro-Pro-allyl
  • HY-115936
    COX-2-IN-9
    COX-2-IN-9 (compound 7a) is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 10.17 uM. COX-2-IN-9 has higher COX-2 selectivity than Celecoxib. COX-2-IN-9 shows good in vivo anti-inflammatory and low ulcerogenic activity.
    COX-2-IN-9
  • HY-116947
    COX-2-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-5 (compound 11a) is a potent COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.65 µM. COX-2-IN-5 has the potential for the research of inflammation.
    COX-2-IN-5
  • HY-N1380S4
    Guaiacol-d4-1
    Guaiacol-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Guaiacol. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol-d<sub>4</sub>-1
  • HY-B1227S1
    Carprofen-13C,d3
    Carprofen-13C,d3 is the deuterium and 13C labeled Carprofen. Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
    Carprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-146295
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 (5b) is a potent and dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 is a benzothiophen-2-yl pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 shows the most potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities surpassing that of Celecoxib and Indomethacin. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2 shows potent COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory activity with IC50s of 5.40, 0.01 and 1.78 μM, respectively.
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-2
  • HY-119018
    AHR-6293
    		Inhibitor
    AHR-6293 is an orally effective and potent anti-inflammatory agent. AHR-6293 has a better anti-inflammatory effect than AHR-5850, but does not have the activity of inhibiting platelet aggregation.
    AHR-6293
  • HY-N0041R
    Ginsenoside Rb3 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ginsenoside Rb3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside Rb3. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside Rb3 is extracted from steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rb3 exhibits inhibitory effect on TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 8.2 μM in 293T cell lines. Ginsenoside Rb3 also inhibits the induction of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA.
    Ginsenoside Rb3 (Standard)
  • HY-171656
    G721-0282
    		Inhibitor
    G721-0282 is an orally active CHI3L1 inhibitor. G721-0282 can reduce the expression of inflammatory proteins and cytokines. G721-0282 inhibits the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. G721-0282 inhibits neuroinflammation and reduces anxious behavior. G721-0282 significantly inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma (OS) cells by suppressing the STAT3 signaling pathway. G721-0282 induces OS cell apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic protein levels and downregulating anti-apoptotic protein levels. G721-0282 can be used for researches on neuroinflammatory conditions and cancer.
    G721-0282
  • HY-147748
    COX-2-IN-17
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-17 (compound 10) is a potent and BBB-penetrated COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.02 μM. COX-2-IN-17 shows anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. COX-2-IN-17 attenuates hyperalgesia in the neurogenic phase as well as the inflammatory phase.
    COX-2-IN-17
  • HY-N0001S
    (±)-Epicatechin-13C3
    (±)-Epicatechin-13C3 is the 13C labeled (±)-Epicatechin. (-)-Epicatechin (HY-N0001) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.
    (±)-Epicatechin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-162228
    VI-60
    		Inhibitor
    VI-60 is a dual, orally active inhibitor of cPLA2 and COX-2, which reveals an anti-inflammtory efficacy through the inhibition of p38 MAPK/cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
    VI-60
  • HY-N0904R
    Ginsenoside C-K (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ginsenoside C-K (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside C-K. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.
    Ginsenoside C-K (Standard)
  • HY-N1390R
    Syringaldehyde (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Syringaldehyde (Standard) is the analytical standard of Syringaldehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Syringaldehyde (Standard)
  • HY-168340
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-6 (Compound 5l) is the dual inhibitor for COX-2 and 15-LOX, with IC50 of 0.201 μM and 11.723 μM. COX-2/15-LOX-IN-6 inhibits the expression of PGE, TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS in serum, and exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced rats edema model.
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-6
  • HY-134996
    N-Acetyl-2-carboxybenzenesulfonamide
    N-Acetyl-2-carboxybenzenesulfonamide is an orally active COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.06 μM and 0.25 μM, respectively. N-Acetyl-2-carboxybenzenesulfonamide shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    N-Acetyl-2-carboxybenzenesulfonamide
  • HY-B0335S
    Tolfenamic acid-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Tolfenamic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Tolfenamic Acid. Tolfenamic Acid (GEA 6414) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, selectively inhibits COX-2, with an IC50 of 13.49 μM (3.53 μg/mL) in LPS-treated (COX-2) canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, but shows no effect on COX-1.
    Tolfenamic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-14397AR
    Indomethacin sodium hydrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dimethenamide-P (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dimethenamide-P. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dimethenamide-P is an amide herbicide effective for the pre-emergence management of annual grasses, small-seeded broadleaf weeds, and sedges in ornamental plants, functioning by inhibiting the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids.
    Indomethacin sodium hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-151428
    Antitumor agent-78
    		Activator
    Antitumor agent-78 is an antitumor agent, inhibits cancer cells growth and migration. Antitumor agent-78 triggers ferroptosis by inhibiting GPx-4 and elevating COX2. Antitumor agent-78 also activates intrinsic apoptotic pathway (Bax-Bcl-2-caspase-3) and hinders Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of cancer cells.
    Antitumor agent-78
  • HY-B2121R
    6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (Standard) (6-MNA (Standard)) is the analytical standard of 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (HY-B2121). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (6-MNA) is the active metabolite of Nabumetone (HY-B0559). 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid is also an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid can inhibit the synthesis of gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2. 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid can be used in the research of inflammation and pain-related diseases. In addition, 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid is an impurity in Naproxen (HY-15030) and can also be used in the synthesis of other active compounds.
    6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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