2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W010037
    2-(tert-Butyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    		Inhibitor
    2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol is a major component of Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) (HY-B1066). 2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol is an antioxidant agent, that inhibits expression of Cox2 and Tnfa genes upon stimulation with Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056). 2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, combined with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT).
    2-(tert-Butyl)-4-methoxyphenol
  • HY-N2072R
    Crocetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Crocetin (Standard) (TransCrocetin (Standard) ) is an aglycone of crocin. Crocetin (Standard) is orally active and brain-penetrant. Crocetin (Standard) shows strong NMDA receptor affinity and channel opening activity. Crocetin (Standard) can downregulate the proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 exoression. Crocetin (Standard) can inhibit apoptosis and activation of MAPK. Crocetin (Standard) can delay delays brain and body aging. Crocetin (Standard) can be used for the researches of cancer, neurological disease and inflammation, such as cervical cancer and ischemia.
    Crocetin (Standard)
  • HY-139578
    Ocarocoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Ocarocoxib is a potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (IC50: 1.4 μM). Ocarocoxib inhibits COX to block the production of prostaglandins, thus exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. Ocarocoxib has potential in the study of inflammation and related diseases.
    Ocarocoxib
  • HY-132405S
    Desmethyl Naproxen-d3
    		98.0%
    Desmethyl Naproxen-d3 is deuterium labeled Desmethyl Naproxen. Desmethyl Naproxen is the metabolite of anti-inflammatory agent Naproxen.
    Desmethyl Naproxen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-14398S
    Celecoxib-d7
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    Celecoxib-d7 is the deuterium labeled Celecoxib. Celecoxib,a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-B0559S
    Nabumetone-d3
    		Inhibitor 98.80%
    Nabumetone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Nabumetone. Nabumetone is an orally active non-acidic anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor, and is the proagent of the active metabolite 6MNA.
    Nabumetone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-106823
    Tebufelone
    		Inhibitor 99.52%
    Tebufelone (NE-11740), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective dual COX-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Tebufelone displays potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic properties.
    Tebufelone
  • HY-N0929R
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexahydrocurcumin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Hexahydrocurcumin is inactive against COX-1. Hexahydrocurcumin has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard)
  • HY-N0256R
    Hederagenin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hederagenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hederagenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hederagenin is a triterpenoid saponin with orally active and antitumor activity. Hederagenin can inhibit the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB in cells induced by LPS stimulation. Hederagenin also increases ROS production in cancer cells, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis. Hederagenin also sensitizes cancer cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394) and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), enhancing induced apoptosis. Hederagenin also has preventive potential against alcoholic liver injury.
    Hederagenin (Standard)
  • HY-78131CS
    Ibuprofen-d3 sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Ibuprofen-d3 ((±)-Ibuprofen-d3) sodium is the deuterium labeled Ibuprofen sodium (HY-78131C). Ibuprofen sodium is an orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen sodium inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen sodium can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub> sodium
  • HY-134753
    Teriflunomide impurity 3
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Teriflunomide impurity 3 (4-Amino-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzamide) is a selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 µM. Teriflunomide impurity 3 is less active against COX-2 (IC50>100 µM).
    Teriflunomide impurity 3
  • HY-118561
    Bermoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Bermoprofen (AD-1590) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Bermoprofen has potent antipyretic activities with a short biological half-life. Bermoprofen is a potent antagonist of LPS-induced fever in rabbits.
    Bermoprofen
  • HY-N10913
    Chloranthalactone B
    		Inhibitor
    Chloranthalactone B, a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid, is a nature product that could be isolated from Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra. Chloranthalactone B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the AP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways.
    Chloranthalactone B
  • HY-W322573
    (R)-Ketoprofen
    		Inhibitor
    (R)-Ketoprofen is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic properties. (R)-Ketoprofen does not significantly amplify the increase of inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1)) induced by LPS, but it can inhibit the anti-inflammatory activity of (S)-Ketoprofen.
    (R)-Ketoprofen
  • HY-124428
    ASP6537
    		99.02%
    ASP6537 is a potent and selective rhCOX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.703 nM. ASP6537 has the potential for cardiovascular disease research.
    ASP6537
  • HY-B0008S
    Sulindac-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    Sulindac-d3 is deuterium labeled Sulindac. Sulindac (MK-231) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acts as a COX-2 inhibitor, and inhibits overexpression of COX-2.
    Sulindac-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-123823
    Nitroaspirin
    		Inhibitor 98.57%
    Nitroaspirin (NCX 4016) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor and a nitro-derivative of Aspirin, which combines with Nitroaspirin to inhibit cyclooxygenase. Nitroaspirin (NCX 4016) has antithrombotic and anti-platelet properties and acts as a direct and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1. Nitroaspirin (NCX 4016) causes significant induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells via down-regulation of EGFR/PI3K/STAT3 signaling and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins.
    Nitroaspirin
  • HY-14397S
    Indomethacin-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    Indomethacin-d4 (Indometacin-d4) is a deuterium labeled Indomethacin. Indomethacin is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells. Indomethacin disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes.
    Indomethacin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-129284
    APHS
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    APHS is a specific and covalent COX-2 inhibitor with neuroprotective effects. COX-2 is a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has pleiotropic cancer-promoting effects. APHS modifies COX-2 by acetylating the active site (serine 516), thereby inhibiting prostaglandin production. The neuroprotective activity of APHS is inhibited by prostaglandin E2. APHS also co-inhibits the WNT pathway, an anti-tumor mechanism in addition to COX-2 inhibition.
    APHS
  • HY-78131AS
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium labeled (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen is the S(+)-enantiomer of Ibuprofen that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity with IC50s of 2.1 μM and 1.6 μM. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen has analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects.
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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