2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-137004
    Indazole-Cl
    		Inhibitor 98.72%
    Indazole-Cl (Ind-Cl) is an Estrogen receptor (ER)-β-specific agonist with inflammatory effect. Indazole-Cl inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 exression reduction induced by hypoxia. And Indazole-Cl inhibits ROS production. Indazole-Cl also inhibits cell migration and invasion by hypoxia increased by hypoxia. Indazole-Cl is potent inhibitor of hypoxia-induced inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
    Indazole-Cl
  • HY-15036S1
    Diclofenac-13C6
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Diclofenac-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Diclofenac. Diclofenac is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B1130
    Isoxicam
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    Isoxicam is an orally active, long-acting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for the research of arthritis. Isoxicam is a nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2.
    Isoxicam
  • HY-134234
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.28%
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid is a metabolite of celecoxib (HY-14398). Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid
  • HY-131258
    Ibuprofen impurity 1
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen impurity 1 is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    Ibuprofen impurity 1
  • HY-12383
    Pelubiprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.27%
    Pelubiprofen is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits COX enzyme activity (with IC50 values of 10.66 and 2.88 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). Pelubiprofen has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
    Pelubiprofen
  • HY-114950
    EXP3179
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    EXP3179 is an important intermediate aldehyde metabolite of Losartan. EXP3179 has no AT1-R–blocking activity, but potently inhibits the expression of endothelial cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. EXP3179 exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions.
    EXP3179
  • HY-N7064
    Iminostilbene
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    Iminostilbene is a chemical precursor of carbamazepine. Additionally, Iminostilbene is an orally active inhibitor of PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase M2) and COX2 (Cyclooxygenase-2). Iminostilbene exerts its effects by inhibiting PKM2 and its interaction with HIF-1α and STAT3, reducing COX2 and iNOS expression, and decreasing LPS-induced release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, thereby suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and improving myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Iminostilbene holds promise for research in inflammation regulation, cardiovascular diseases (such as MI/R injury), and macrophage-mediated immune-related diseases.
    Iminostilbene
  • HY-78131S2
    Ibuprofen-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    Ibuprofen-d4 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen (HY-78131). Ibuprofen is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-106579
    Tiaprofenic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Tiaprofenic acid is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic potency. Tiaprofenic acid inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by suppressing cyclo-oxygenase (COX). Tiaprofenic acid can be used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
    Tiaprofenic acid
  • HY-14654S1
    Aspirin-d4
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    Aspirin-d4 is the deuterium labeled Aspirin. Aspirin is a non-selective and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 5 and 210 μg/mL.
    Aspirin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-119671
    BW 755C
    		Inhibitor
    BW 755C is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 μM. BW 755C also inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) with IC50s of 0.65 and 1.2 μg/mL against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    BW 755C
  • HY-N0898S
    Catechin-13C3
    		Inhibitor 98.06%
    Catechin-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Catechin. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    Catechin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-106449
    Recoflavone
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Recoflavone (DA-6034 (free acid)), a synthetic derivative of the flavonoid Eupatilin (HY-N0783), is orally active. Recoflavone can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and induce [Ca(2+)]i increase in epithelial cells. Recoflavone exhibits activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effects, protection of gastric and intestinal mucosa, and promotion of secretion in the ocular surface and salivary glands. Recoflavone can be used for the research of diseases such as dry eye, gastric injury, and intestinal injury.
    Recoflavone
  • HY-B0714
    Dexketoprofen (trometamol)
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Dexketoprofen trometamol (Dexketoprofen tromethamine salt) is an orally active non-selective COX inhibitor. Dexketoprofen trometamol has a pain-relieving effect, anti-inflammatory effect and anti-cancer effect.
    Dexketoprofen (trometamol)
  • HY-118078
    Robenacoxib
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    Robenacoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Robenacoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
    Robenacoxib
  • HY-N2106
    Dehydroevodiamine
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Dehydroevodiamine is a major bioactive quinazoline alkaloid isolated from Evodiae Fructus, has an antiarrhythmic effect in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells.
    Dehydroevodiamine
  • HY-N10303
    Withangulatin A
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    Withangulatin A is the inhibitor for COX-2. Withangulatin A inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and trypanocidal activities.
    Withangulatin A
  • HY-N7148S1
    γ-Tocopherol-d4
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    γ-Tocopherol-d4 is the deuterium labeled γ-Tocopherol. γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.
    γ-Tocopherol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B0580R
    Ketorolac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ketorolac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ketorolac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ketorolac (RS37619) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. Ketorolac tromethamine is used as 0.5% ophthalmic solution for the research of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and postoperative ocular inflammation and pain. Ketorolac tromethamine is also a DDX3 inhibitor that can be used for cancer research.
    Ketorolac (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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