2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15037S1
    Diclofenac-d4 sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    Diclofenac-d4 (sodium) is the deuterium labeled Diclofenac sodium. Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac Sodium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac-d<sub>4</sub> sodium
  • HY-N0898R
    Catechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Catechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Catechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    Catechin (Standard)
  • HY-N6599
    3-Feruloylquinic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.50%
    3-Feruloylquinic acid (3-O-Feruloylquinic acid), a derivative of quinic acid-bound phenolic acid, shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
    3-Feruloylquinic acid
  • HY-W013164
    SC-58125
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    SC-58125 is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), with an IC50 of 0.04 μM. SC-58125 exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. SC-58125 also can inhibit edema at the inflammatory site and has analgesic effect.
    SC-58125
  • HY-N0389
    Columbin
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Columbin is an orally active diterpenoid furanolactone from Calumbae radix, has anti-inflammatory and anti-trypanosomal effects. Columbin selectively inhibits COX-2 (EC50=53.1 μM) over COX-1 (EC50=327 μM).
    Columbin
  • HY-B0760R
    Fenofibric acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Fenofibric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fenofibric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, is a PPAR activitor, with EC50s of 22.4 μM, 1.47 μM, and 1.06 μM for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Fenofibric acid also inhibits COX-2 enzyme activity, with an IC50 of 48 nM.
    Fenofibric acid (Standard)
  • HY-15029
    (±)-Naproxen
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    (±)-Naproxen ((Rac)-Naproxen) is a racemate of Naproxen (HY-15030). Naproxen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively.
    (±)-Naproxen
  • HY-B1398
    Ampyrone
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    Ampyrone (4-Aminophenazone; 4-Aminoantipyrine) is a reversible and low-damage optical clearing agent and non-selective COX inhibitor based on UV absorption properties. Ampyrone can improve the optical transmittance of mouse skin and other tissues. Ampyrone can induce tissue refractive index matching by enhancing UV absorption, reduce light scattering, and achieve tissue transparency in vivo. Ampyrone reduces the synthesis of prostaglandin PGE2, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ampyrone inhibits DNA damage, cell apoptosis and immune cell phagocytosis induced by Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) and Cisplatin (HY-17394), etc., and participates in the regulation of toxicity in tumor chemotherapy.
    Ampyrone
  • HY-14670
    Firocoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Firocoxib (ML 1785713) is a potent, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. Firocoxib shows 58-fold more selective for COX-2 than COX-1 (IC50 of 7.5 μM). Firocoxib has anti-inflammatory effects.
    Firocoxib
  • HY-B0634
    Aceclofenac
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Aceclofenac is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID), with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Aceclofenac is used for the research of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis.
    Aceclofenac
  • HY-B0760S
    Fenofibric acid-d6
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    Fenofibric acid-d6 (FNF acid-d6) is the deuterium labeled Fenofibric acid. Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, is a PPAR activitor, with EC50s of 22.4 µM, 1.47 µM, and 1.06 µM for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Fenofibric acid also inhibits COX-2 enzyme activity, with an IC50 of 48 nM.
    Fenofibric acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N4314
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive compound extracted from Eupatorium odoratum. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, pro-coagulant, and anti-tumor activities. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the NF-κB pathway and regulates bacterial resistance through the inhibition of efflux pumps. Additionally, Scutellarein tetramethyl ether accelerates coagulation time via the endogenous coagulation pathway. Studies have shown that Scutellarein tetramethyl ether can effectively inhibit the growth of the liver cancer cell line HepG2 (IC50= 20.08 μg/mL).
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether
  • HY-B0580S
    Ketorolac-d5
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Ketorolac-d5 is a deuterium labeled Ketorolac. Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2.
    Ketorolac-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N4028
    Hydrangenol
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    Hydrangenol is an orally active antiphotoaging compound. It can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol prevents wrinkle formation by reducing MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increasing moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level.
    Hydrangenol
  • HY-N2252
    Licarin A
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    Licarin A ((+)-Licarin A), a neolignan, significantly and dose-dependently reduces TNF-α production (IC50=12.6 μM) in dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Anti-allergic effects. Licarin A reduces TNF-α and PGD2 production, and COX-2 expression.
    Licarin A
  • HY-17485
    Alminoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Alminoprofen (EB-382) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) of the phenylpropionic acid class. Alminoprofen possesses a dual anti-inflammatory action, by inhibiting both secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and COX-2.
    Alminoprofen
  • HY-N2925
    β-Amyrone
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    β-Amyrone (β-Amyron) is a triterpene compound which has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the expression of COX-2. β-Amyrone has antifungal activity , as well as antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus. β-Amyrone also inhibits α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. β-Amyrone can be used in the research of disease like inflammation, infection, and obesity.
    β-Amyrone
  • HY-W010066
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol
    		Inhibitor 98.07%
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol is a phenolic compound and antioxidant. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol can be extracted from olive oil. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol downregulates the expression of proinflammatory enzymes (iNOS, COX-2) and prevents the degradation of IκBα. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol has antioxidant properties. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol has shown positive effects on frozen-thawed ram sperm. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol can be used in the study of inflammatory-related diseases (such as ulcerative colitis) and reproductive health (sperm cryopreservation).
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol
  • HY-129113
    α-​Chaconine
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    α-Chaconine inhibits the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at the transcriptional level. α-Chaconine inhibits the LPS-induced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 at the protein and mRNA levels and their promoter activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects.
    α-​Chaconine
  • HY-N2429
    Sphondin
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Sphondin possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1β-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE2 release in A549 cells.
    Sphondin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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