1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-148660
    SFI003
    Inducer 99.75%
    SFI003 is a SRSF3 inhibitor that drives CRC cell apoptosis via the SRSF3/DHCR24/ROS axis and exhibits potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo.
    SFI003
  • HY-112452
    SU11652
    Inducer 99.06%
    SU11652 is a potent receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. SU11652 also inhibits several members of the split kinase family of RTKs, including VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and Kit. SU11652 can be uesd for spontaneous cancers expressing Kit mutations research.
    SU11652
  • HY-19356A
    Didesmethylrocaglamide
    Activator 98.49%
    Didesmethylrocaglamide, a derivative of Rocaglamide, is a potent eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) inhibitor. Didesmethylrocaglamide has potent growth-inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5 nM. Didesmethylrocaglamide suppresses multiple growth-promoting signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Antitumor activity.
    Didesmethylrocaglamide
  • HY-Z0548
    Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
    Inducer 99.88%
    Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid methyl ester; Methyl protocatechuate) is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
    Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
  • HY-B2171A
    Carubicin hydrochloride
    Inducer 98.33%
    Carubicin hydrochloride is a microbially-derived compound. Carubicin hydrochloride is an effective inhibitor of VHL-defective (VHL−/−) CCRCC cell proliferation. Carubicin hydrochloride also induces apoptosis by a mechanism independent of p53 or hypoxia-inducible factor HIF2. Carubicin hydrochloride has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    Carubicin hydrochloride
  • HY-101478
    Fenobam
    Inducer 99.91%
    Fenobam is a selective and orally active mGluR5 antagonist (IC50=84 nM) that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Fenobam shows the Kd values of 54 nM and 31 nM on rat and human recombinant mGlu5 receptors, respectively. Fenobam has anxiolytic activity, inhibits self-administration behavior in mice, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Fenobam can be used for research on neurological diseases, cancer and drug addiction.
    Fenobam
  • HY-P99422
    Adebrelimab
    Inducer
    Adebrelimab (SHR-1316) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal PD-L1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibody. Adebrelimab has promising antitumor activity in solid tumors including extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
    Adebrelimab
  • HY-N6950
    Hederacolchiside A1
    Inducer ≥99.0%
    Hederacolchiside A1, isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis, suppresses proliferation of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis through modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Hederacolchiside A1 has antischistosomal activity, affecting parasite viability both in vivo and in vitro.
    Hederacolchiside A1
  • HY-N2184
    Furanodienone
    Inducer 99.90%
    Furanodienone is one of the major bioactive constituents derived from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodienone induced apoptosis.
    Furanodienone
  • HY-W011711
    Benzarone
    Activator 99.67%
    Benzarone (Fragivix) is an oral inhibitor of human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) with an IC50 value of 2.8 μM, and it also acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Benzarone can cause liver damage and promote cell apoptosis and necrosis. Benzarone can be used to lower serum uric acid levels and for research in vascular diseases.
    Benzarone
  • HY-N2009
    3-O-Methylgallic acid
    Inducer 99.22%
    3-O-Methylgallic acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid) is an anthocyanin metabolite and has potent antioxidant capacity. 3-O-methylgallic acid inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 24.1 μM. 3-O-methylgallic acid also induces cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer effects.
    3-O-Methylgallic acid
  • HY-150618
    PI3Kα-IN-9
    Inducer 99.17%
    PI3Kα-IN-9 (compound 27) is a selective, long-acting and oral active PI3Kα inhibitor with IC50 values of 4.4, 128, 146 and 153 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ and PI3Kβ, respectively. PI3Kα-IN-9 has antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis. PI3Kα-IN-9 can be used for cancer research.
    PI3Kα-IN-9
  • HY-147855
    ACA-28
    Inducer 99.76%
    ACA-28 (compound 2a) is a potent ERK MAPK signaling modulator. ACA-28 selectively inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis with ERK hyperactivation ACA-28 inhibits cell growth of melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) and normal melanocytes (NHEM), with IC50 values of 5.3 and 10.1 μM, respectively.
    ACA-28
  • HY-P99291
    Etaracizumab
    ≥99.0%
    Etaracizumab (LM 609) is an αvβ3 integrin IgG mAb. Etaracizumab is developed to target αvβ3+ cancer cells via NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Etaracizumab sterically hinders access of large ligands to the RGD-binding pocket, without obstructing it. Etaracizumab decreases p-Akt in vitro. Etaracizumab can decrease cancer proliferation and invasion. Etaracizumab induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibition ofαvβ3-mediated cell adhesion, endothelial cell migration and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Etaracizumab can be studied in anti-tumor research against cancers such as ovarian cancer, metastatic melanoma as well as advanced solid tumors. Recommend Isotype Control: Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001).
    Etaracizumab
  • HY-W014839
    Cyclamic acid sodium
    Inducer ≥98.0%
    Cyclamic acid sodium (Sodium cyclamate) is a commonly used sweetener. Cyclamic acid sodium is toxic to osteoblasts and can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and reduce cell mineralization. Cyclamic acid sodium causes focal necrosis of bladder organs in rats in vitro, which can promote bladder cancer, but some studies have shown that low doses of Cyclamic acid sodium have no carcinogenic effect. In addition, Cyclamic acid sodium has no effect on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by arginine.
    Cyclamic acid sodium
  • HY-W009141
    1-Monopalmitin
    Inducer 99.42%
    1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC50=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells.
    1-Monopalmitin
  • HY-B0854
    Mancozeb
    Inducer
    Mancozeb is a widely used fungicide that is effective against fungal diseases in most cereals, vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants. In addition, Mancozeb can cause liver damage in mice by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mancozeb upregulates lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c to alter cell metabolism and induce cell death. Mancozeb has reproductive toxicity and can induce apoptosis in ovarian cells.
    Mancozeb
  • HY-100438
    Hydronidone
    Inducer 99.71%
    Hydronidone is an orally active pyridine derivative. Hydronidone is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) as well as TGF-β. Hydronidone induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptosis. Hydronidone can be used for liver fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer study.
    Hydronidone
  • HY-N1446S
    Oleic acid-13C
    Inducer 99.95%
    Oleic acid-13C is the 13C labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.
    Oleic acid-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-128749
    D-Glucaric acid potassium
    Inducer ≥98.0%
    D-Glucaric acid potassium (Potassium D-glucarate) is an orally active end product of the D-glucuronic acid pathway in mammals. D-Glucaric acid potassium is present in a variety of fruits and vegetables. D-Glucaric acid potassium has cholesterol-lowering and anti-tumor activities. D-Glucaric acid potassium can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and inflammation, and induce apoptosis.
    D-Glucaric acid potassium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity