2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N5074
    Terrestrosin D
    		Activator 99.30%
    Terrestrosin D, a steroidal saponin from Tribulus terrestris L., induces cell cycle arrest and cancer cells apoptosis. Terrestrosin D has antiangiogenic activities.
    Terrestrosin D
  • HY-N4225
    Aaptamine
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Aaptamine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from the sponge Aaptos suberitoides. Aaptamine is a competitive antagonist of the α-adrenergic receptor, as well as an inhibitor of the proteasome and cholinesterase. Aaptamine is cytotoxic to tumor cells and can induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest of tumor cells, and the expression of p21 through a p53-independent pathway. Aaptamine has multiple activities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, and analgesic effects.
    Aaptamine
  • HY-19554A
    MM-401 TFA
    		Inducer 99.62%
    MM-401 (TFA) is a MLL1 H3K4 methyltransferase inhibitor. MM-401 inhibits MLL1 activity (IC50 = 0.32 μM) by blocking MLL1-WDR5 interaction. MM-401 can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and differentiation. MM-401 can be used for the research of MLL leukemia.
    MM-401 TFA
  • HY-N2486
    Desoxyrhaponticin
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Desoxyrhaponticin is a kind of oral drug that inhibits effective fatty acid synthesis (FASN), and has a fatal effect on cancer cells. Desoxyrhaponticin has the ability to inhibit glucose uptake, improve oral glucose tolerance as a diabetic agent, and possess anti-diabetic effects.
    Desoxyrhaponticin
  • HY-N7255
    Cycloartenol
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Cycloartenol, a phytosterol compound, is one of the key precusor substances for biosynthesis of numerous sterol compounds. Cycloartenol inhibits the migration of glioma cells and suppresses the phosphorylation of the p38 MAP kinase. Cycloartenol has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibiosis and anti-alzheimer's disease. Cycloartenol also plays an important role in the process of plant growth and development.
    Cycloartenol
  • HY-B0421A
    Mycophenolic acid sodium
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Mycophenolic acid sodium is a potent uncompetitive inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.24 µM. Mycophenolic acid sodium demonstrates antiviral effects against a wide range of RNA viruses including influenza. Mycophenolic acid sodium is an immunosuppressive agent. Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects.
    Mycophenolic acid sodium
  • HY-N7719
    Oosporein
    		Inducer 99.16%
    Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity.
    Oosporein
  • HY-N0346A
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate
    		Inducer 99.53%
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate is a natural product found in Kaempferia galangal with anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and anti-microbial effects. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro with IC50s of 1.12 and 0.83 μM, respectively.
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate
  • HY-13649
    Indibulin
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Indibulin (ZIO 301), an orally applicable inhibitor of tubulin assembly, shows potent anticancer activity with a minimal neurotoxicity. Indibulin reduces inter-kinetochoric tension, produces aberrant spindles, activates mitotic checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1, and induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis.
    Indibulin
  • HY-N6725
    Sterigmatocystine
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Sterigmatocystine is a precursor of aflatoxins and a mycotoxin produced by common mold strains from Aspergillus versicolor. Sterigmatocystine, a inhibitor of G1 Phase and DNA synthesis, is used to inhibit p21 activity. Sterigmatocystine has teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects in animals.
    Sterigmatocystine
  • HY-10431R
    SB-431542 (Standard)
    SB-431542 (Standard) is the analytical standard of SB-431542. SB-431542 is a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (TRKI). SB-431542 has inhibitory activity for ALK4, ALK5 and ALK7 with IC50 values of 1 μM, 0.75 μM and 2 μM, respectively. SB-431542 also inhibits TGF-β-induced transcription, gene expression, apoptosis, and growth suppression. SB-431542 can be used for the research of cancer and signal transduction pathways.
    SB-431542 (Standard)
  • HY-111163
    NSC49652
    		Inducer 98.74%
    NSC49652 is a reversible, orally active p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, also known as NGFR, TNFRSF16, and CD271) agonist. NSC49652 targets the transmembrane domain of p75NTR. NSC49652 induces apoptosis and affects the viability of melanoma cells.
    NSC49652
  • HY-101073
    Salermide
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Salermide is an inhibitor of Sirt1 and Sirt2; can cause strong cancer-specific apoptotic cell death.
    Salermide
  • HY-108551
    MG-262
    		Inducer
    MG-262 (Z-Leu-Leu-LeuB(OH)2; ZL3B) is a reversible proteasome inhibitor. MG-262 down-regulates VEGF receptor Flt-1. MG-262 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in malignant cells. MG-262 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). MG-262 can be used for anti-cancer study.
    MG-262
  • HY-N6940
    Prosapogenin A
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Prosapogenin A, a natural product from Veratrum, induces apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro via inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway and glycolysis.
    Prosapogenin A
  • HY-N2521
    Tetramethylcurcumin
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Tetramethylcurcumin (FLLL31), derived from curcumin, specifically suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3 by binding selectively to Janus kinase 2 and the STAT3 Src homology-2 domain. Tetramethylcurcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.
    Tetramethylcurcumin
  • HY-13563
    Batabulin
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Batabulin (T138067) is an antitumor agent, which binds covalently and selectively to a subset of the β-tubulin isotypes, thereby disrupting microtubule polymerization. Batabulin affects cell morphology and leads to cell-cycle arrest ultimately induces apoptotic cell death.
    Batabulin
  • HY-155339
    Anticancer agent 168
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Anticancer agent 168 (compound d16) is a inhibitor of DNA2. Anticancer agent 168 induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest mainly at S-phase, and exhibits anticancer activities and overcomes chemotherapy resistance in mutp53-bearing cancers.
    Anticancer agent 168
  • HY-N6253
    Pinoresinol
    		Inducer 99.48%
    Pinoresinol is a lignol of plant origin serving for defense in a caterpillar. Pinoresinol drastically sensitizes cancer cells against TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis.
    Pinoresinol
  • HY-150761
    MY-875
    		Inducer 99.56%
    MY-875 is a competitive microtubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.92 μM. MY-875 inhibits microtubulin polymerization by targeting colchicine binding sites and activates the Hippo pathway. MY-875 induces apoptosis and has anticancer activity.
    MY-875
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity