2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0697
    Crocin
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Crocin (Crocin I) is an orally active natural product that can be isolated from the stigma of Crocus sativus. Crocin inhibits tumor cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through JAK pathway. Crocin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities .
    Crocin
  • HY-U00434
    3BDO
    		Inducer 99.93%
    3BDO is a new mTOR activator which can also inhibit autophagy.
    3BDO
  • HY-12542
    Dantrolene
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Dantrolene is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene
  • HY-15098
    Apoptozole
    		Inducer 99.42%
    Apoptozole (Apoptosis Activator VII) is an inhibitor of the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and Hsp70, with Kds of 0.21 and 0.14 μM, respectively, and can induce apoptosis.
    Apoptozole
  • HY-B1041
    Aminoguanidine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Aminoguanidine hydrochloride (Pimagedine hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of diamine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase. Aminoguanidine hydrochloride has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on apoptosis induced by Doxorubicin (HY-15142). Aminoguanidine hydrochloride has antioxidant properties. Aminoguanidine hydrochloride can be used in diabetic nephropathy research.
    Aminoguanidine hydrochloride
  • HY-33354
    Nitrochin
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Nitrochin (4-NQO) is a chemical carcinogen. Nitrochin induces oncostatin-M (OSM) in esophageal cells. Nitrochin induces DNA damage, and induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway.
    Nitrochin
  • HY-N0451
    Acacetin
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research.
    Acacetin
  • HY-18637
    LDN-57444
    		Inducer 98.93%
    LDN-57444 is a reversible, competitive and site-directed inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), with an IC50 of 0.88 μM and a Ki of 0.40 μM; LDN-57444 also suppresses UCH-L3 activity, with an IC50 of 25 μM.
    LDN-57444
  • HY-13917
    PND-1186
    		Inducer 99.88%
    PND-1186 (VS-4718) is a potent, highly-specific and reversible inhibitor of FAK with an IC50 of 1.5 nM. PND-1186 selectively promotes tumor cell apoptosis.
    PND-1186
  • HY-N0779A
    Silybin
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Silybin is a flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds. Silybin induces apoptosis and exhibits hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activity.
    Silybin
  • HY-N0816
    Polyphyllin VI
    		Inducer 98.41%
    Polyphyllin VI, an active saponin, possess anti-cancer activities. Polyphyllin VI induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis. Polyphyllin VI induces caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis via the induction of ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD signal axis in non-small cell lung cancer.
    Polyphyllin VI
  • HY-10446
    Pralatrexate
    		Inducer 99.23%
    Pralatrexate is an antifolate and is a potent dihydrofolate reductasean (DHFR) inhibitor with a Ki of 13.4 pM. Pralatrexate is a substrate for folylpolyglutamate synthetase with improved cellular uptake and retention. Pralatrexate has antitumor activities and has the potential for relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma treatment. Pralatrexate is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Pralatrexate
  • HY-100001
    SKF-96365 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.71%
    SKF-96365 hydrochloride is a potent TRP channel blocker and a store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) inhibitor. SKF-96365 hydrochloride significantly inhibits hERG, hKCNQ1/hKCNE1, hKir2.1 and hKv4.3 current, and significantly prolongs the QTc interval in isolated guinea pig hearts. SKF-96365 hydrochloride exhibits potent anti-neoplastic activity by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
    SKF-96365 hydrochloride
  • HY-13007
    PF-3758309
    		Inducer 99.79%
    PF-3758309 (PF-03758309) is a potent, orally available, and reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor of PAK4 (Kd= 2.7 nM; Ki=18.7 nM). PF-3758309 has the expected cellular functions of a PAK4 inhibitor: inhibition of anchorage-independent growth, induction of apoptosis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and inhibition of proliferation.
    PF-3758309
  • HY-15346A
    Copanlisib dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Copanlisib dihydrochloride (BAY 80-6946 dihydrochloride) is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.5 nM, 0.7 nM, 3.7 nM and 6.4 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ, respectively. Copanlisib dihydrochloride has more than 2,000-fold selectivity against other lipid and protein kinases, except for mTOR. Copanlisib dihydrochloride has superior antitumor activity.
    Copanlisib dihydrochloride
  • HY-N0416
    Cucurbitacin B
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.
    Cucurbitacin B
  • HY-N0711
    Carvacrol
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Carvacrol is an orally active monoterpenic phenol that can be extract from an abundant number of aromatic plants, including thyme and oregano, possessing antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic, and vasorelaxant properties. Carvacrol also causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis. Carvacrol is used in low concentrations as a food flavoring ingredient and preservative, as well as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
    Carvacrol
  • HY-15037
    Diclofenac Sodium
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac Sodium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac Sodium
  • HY-P1902A
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) TFA
    		Inducer 99.53%
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) TFA is a membrane active peptide that specifically targets negatively charged phospholipid membranes (such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol) and can be isolated from the venom of the Taiwan cobra. Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) TFA is a snake venom cardiotoxin that binds to cell membranes and embeds into lipid bilayers through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic attraction, thereby destroying the stability of membrane structure. Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) TFA can induce membrane lipid disorder and cell lysis, exhibiting hemolysis and cytotoxicity.
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) TFA
  • HY-13024
    Rebastinib
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Rebastinib (DCC-2036) is an orally active, non-ATP-competitive Bcr-Abl inhibitor for Abl1WT and Abl1T315I with IC50s of 0.8 nM and 4 nM, respectively. Rebastinib also inhibits SRC, KDR, FLT3, and Tie-2, and has low activity to seen towards c-Kit.
    Rebastinib
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity