2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-114275
    Justicidin B
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Justicidin B is a potent anticancer lignan and proapoptotic agent. Justicidin B is also a bone resorption inhibitor, and has strong antiviral, fungicidal, antiprotozoal effects. Justicidin B significantly inhibits platelet aggregation.
    Justicidin B
  • HY-W008606
    Sodium citrate monobasic
    		Inducer
    Sodium citrate monobasic (Citric acid monosodium salt) is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Sodium citrate monobasic induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Sodium citrate monobasic cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Sodium citrate monobasic is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Sodium citrate monobasic
  • HY-18085AS
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate
    		Inducer
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate is a deuterium labeled Quercetin hydrate (HY-18085A), a flavonoid which can stimulate recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50s of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-d<sub>3</sub> hydrate
  • HY-139054
    4'-Methoxyflavone
    		Modulator 99.63%
    4'-Methoxyflavone is a flavonoid with antioxidant properties and anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. 4'-Methoxyflavone can inhibit cycle-dependent kinases leading to cell cycle arrest and regulate cell signaling pathways to influence cell proliferation and apoptosis. 4'-Methoxyflavone can be used in cancer chemoprevention research.
    4'-Methoxyflavone
  • HY-N7273
    Soyasaponin III
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Soyasaponin III, a monodesmodic oleanane triterpenoid, is one of the main potentially bioactive saponins found in soy (Glycine max) and related products. Soyasaponin III can induce apoptosis in Hep-G2 cells.
    Soyasaponin III
  • HY-10255AS
    Sunitinib-d10
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Sunitinib-d10 is a deuterium labeled Sunitinib. Sunitinib is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 80 nM and 2 nM for VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ, respectively. Sunitinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor, effectively inhibits autophosphorylation of Ire1α by inhibiting autophosphorylation and consequent RNase activation.
    Sunitinib-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-140055
    Thalidomide-PEG4-Propargyl
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-PEG4-Propargyl is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology. Thalidomide-PEG4-Propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-PEG4-Propargyl
  • HY-N7422
    Kauran-16,17-diol
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Kauran-16,17-diol (ent-Kauran-16β,17-diol), a natural diterpene, posseses anti-tumor and inducing-apoptosis activity, with a IC50 of 17 μM on inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
    Kauran-16,17-diol
  • HY-13563A
    Batabulin sodium
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Batabulin sodium (T138067 sodium) is an antitumor agent, which binds covalently and selectively to a subset of the β-tubulin isotypes, thereby disrupting microtubule polymerization. Batabulin sodium affects cell morphology and leads to cell-cycle arrest ultimately induces apoptotic cell death.
    Batabulin sodium
  • HY-B0185G
    Lidocaine (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Lidocaine (GMP) is Lidocaine (HY-B0185) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Lidocaine inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine (GMP)
  • HY-N0351R
    p-Coumaric acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    p-Coumaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of p-Coumaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. p-Coumaric acid (trans-4-Hydroxycinnamic acid) is an isomer of cinnamic acid with oral activity. p-Coumaric acid inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. p-Coumaric acid has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.
    p-Coumaric acid (Standard)
  • HY-158149
    T-1-PMPA
    		Inducer 99.70%
    T-1-PMPA is a potent EGFR inhibitor with apoptotic properties. T-1-PMPA effectively inhibits EGFRWT and EGFR790m, with IC50 values of 86 nM and 561.73 nM, respectively.
    T-1-PMPA
  • HY-P0258
    Mas7
    Mas7 (Mastoparan 7), a structural analogue of mastoparan, is an activator of heterotrimeric Gi proteins and its downstream effectors.
    Mas7
  • HY-120508
    Pivanex
    		Inducer
    Pivanex (AN-9), a derivative of Butyric acid, is an orally active HDAC inhibitor. Pivanex down-regulates bcr-abl protein and enhances apoptosis. Pivanex has antimetastic and antiangiogenic properties.
    Pivanex
  • HY-13605S
    Cytarabine-d2
    		Inducer 98.37%
    Cytarabine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Cytarabine. Cytarabine, a nucleoside analog, causes S phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits DNA polymerase. Cytarabine inhibits DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 16 nM. Cytarabine has antiviral effects against HSV.
    Cytarabine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-103613
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 TFA (Cereblon Ligand-Linker Conjugates 6 TFA) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 TFA
  • HY-138788A
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2 diTFA
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2 diTFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2 diTFA
  • HY-N7223
    Lappaol F
    		Inducer
    Lappaol F, a lignin, is an anticancer agent. Lappaol F inhibits YAP mRNA and protein level. Lappaol F inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. Lappaol F induces cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth. Lappaol F can be isolated from Arctium lappa Linne (Asteraceae).
    Lappaol F
  • HY-171572
    Atezolizumab-MMAE
    		Inducer
    Atezolizumab-MMAE is an anti-PD-L1 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with an EC50 of 1.1 nM. Atezolizumab-MMAE is composed of a humanized anti-PD-L1 antibody (Atezolizumab) (HY-P9904), a lysosomally cleavable dipeptide linker (valine-citrulline), a tubulin inhibitor (MMAE) (HY-15162), and the drug-linker conjugate for ADC is VcMMAE (HY-15575). Atezolizumab-MMAE has a potent cytotoxicity (EC50: 9.75-11.94 nM) and immune activation effect. Atezolizumab-MMAE has a significantly anti-tumor activity in MC38 xenograft PD-1-humanized immune system mice model.
    Atezolizumab-MMAE
  • HY-157343
    GD3 Ganglioside
    GD3 Ganglioside is a prominent ganglioside of human melanoma. GD3 Ganglioside is an inducer of mitochondrial permeability. GD3 ganglioside directly targets mitochondria in a bcl-2-controlled fashion. GD3 ganglioside is rapidly synthesized from accumulated ceramide after the clustering of death-inducing receptors and triggers apoptosis.
    GD3 Ganglioside
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity