2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0349A
    Meclizine
    		Modulator
    Meclizine (Meclozine), an antihistamine, reversibly inhibits the interaction of histamine at the H1 receptors. Meclizine is a member of the piperazine class of H1 antagonists. Meclizine is an effective anti-motion sickness agent. Meclizine crosses the blood–brain barrier. Meclizine is an agonist ligand for mouse constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and an inverse agonist for Human CAR. Meclizine can be used for the research of polyQ toxicity disorders, such as Huntington's disease.
    Meclizine
  • HY-N12717
    Casuarinin
    		Inducer 98.24%
    Casuarinin is an active product that can be isolated from the bark of Terminalia arjuna. Casuarinin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
    Casuarinin
  • HY-N8284
    Tomentosin
    		Inducer 98.95%
    Tomentosin is an orally active natural sesquiterpenoid lactone. Tomentosin exhibits multiple activities such as anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. Tomentosin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis. Tomentosin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammation and nervous system diseases.
    Tomentosin
  • HY-149249
    MY-943
    		Activator 98.01%
    MY-943 is a potent tubulin polymerization and LSD1 inhibitor with anticancer activity. MY-943 induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits cell migration. MY-943 can be used for gastric cancer research.
    MY-943
  • HY-18730
    1400W
    1400W is a slow, tight binding, and highly selective inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, with a Kd value ≤ 7 nM. 1400W inhibits iNOS induction in microglial cells, and reduces generation of NO, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex, and improving the spatial memory dysfunction caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation.
    1400W
  • HY-N0292R
    Oleuropein (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Oleuropein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oleuropein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oleuropein, found in olive leaves and oil, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the p53-dependent pathway and through the regulation of Bax and Bcl2 genes. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase.
    Oleuropein (Standard)
  • HY-N8517
    Malabaricone B
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Malabaricone B, a naturally occurring plant phenolic, is an orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 63.7 µM. Malabaricone B has anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidation and antidiabetic activities.
    Malabaricone B
  • HY-N6037
    Gardenin B
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Gardenin B is a methoxyflavone compound and an inhibitor of USP7, ODC (IC50: 6.24 μg/mL), and Cathepsin D (IC50: 5.61 μg/mL). Gardenin B exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities. Gardenin B shows IC50 values of 8.87 and 10.59 μg/mL for DPPH and NO scavenging, respectively, and also possesses ferric ion reducing ability. Additionally, Gardenin B can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gardenin B can be used in cancer research.
    Gardenin B
  • HY-121458
    Nemorosone
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Nemorosone is the main component of the floral resin of Clusia rosea. Nemorosone has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. Nemorosone induces apoptosis in HT-29 and LoVo cells.
    Nemorosone
  • HY-B0318S1
    Metronidazole-d4
    		Inducer 98.25%
    Metronidazole-d4 is the deuterium labeled Metronidazole. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.
    Metronidazole-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0088S
    Apocynin-d3
    Apocynin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Apocynin. Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM.
    Apocynin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0671R
    Rhapontin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Rhapontin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rhapontin (HY-N0671). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin) is an orally aactive SIRT1 agonist and AMPK activator with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Rhapontin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by activating SIRT1 and inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling via the AMPK pathway. Rhapontin reduces intestinal and lung inflammation, inhibits fibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition, and enhances tight junction protein expression to repair epithelial barriers. Rhapontin can be used in the study of inflammatory bowel diseases (such as ulcerative colitis) and pulmonary fibrosis.
    Rhapontin (Standard)
  • HY-173591
    T0080
    		Inducer
    T0080 is a FPR-1 antagonist. T0080 reduces the cell apoptosis, inhibits ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) from plaque macrophages, which attenuates atherosclerotic progression in ApoE−/− mice.
    T0080
  • HY-D0885D
    Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway..
    Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate
  • HY-117078
    Justicidin A
    		Inducer 99.63%
    justicidin A is a nature product that could be isolated form Justicia procumbens. justicidin A decreases the level of Ku70 leading to translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria to induce apoptosis. justicidin A can be used in research of cancer.
    Justicidin A
  • HY-162089
    MY-1442
    		Inducer 99.25%
    MY-1442 (I-3) is a microtubulin polymerization inhibitor. MY-875 inhibits tubulin polymerization by targeting colchicine binding sites. MY-1442 has anticancer activity. MY-1442 can induce apoptosis of MGC-803 cells and inhibit cell migration.
    MY-1442
  • HY-N6785A
    Okadaic acid sodium
    		Inducer
    Okadaic acid sodium, a marine toxin, is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP). Okadaic acid (sodium) has a significantly higher affinity for PP2A (IC50=0.1-0.3 nM), and inhibits PP1 (IC50=15-50 nM), PP3 (IC50=3.7-4 nM), PP4 (IC50=0.1 nM), PP5 (IC50=3.5 nM), but does not inhibit PP2C. Okadaic acid sodium increases of phosphorylation of a number of proteins by inhibiting PP, and acts a tumor promoter. Okadaic acid sodium induces tau phosphorylation.
    Okadaic acid sodium
  • HY-124727
    ZT55
    		Inducer 99.51%
    ZT55 is an orally active and highly-selective JAK2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM. ZT55 inhibits the proliferation of JAK2V617F-expressing HEL cell lines and induces apoptosis and cycle arrest. ZT-55 also effectively inhibits the growth of HEL xenograft tumours in a mice model. ZT-55 can be used in studies of myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera and primary thrombocythemia.
    ZT55
  • HY-W457950
    Thalidomide-5-propargyl
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-propargyl is a propargyl-modified Thalidomide (HY-14658), that acts as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN proteins. Thalidomide-5-propargyl use alkynyl group at the end to be directly used in the synthesis of triazoles in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules, and is a key intermediate in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules based on CRBN design.
    Thalidomide-5-propargyl
  • HY-101015
    (2E)-OBAA
    		Inducer
    (2E)-OBAA is a potent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 70 nM. (2E)-OBAA induces apoptosis of HUVEC cells. (2E)-OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei, with an IC50 of 0.4 μM.
    (2E)-OBAA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity