2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-163129
    BPU
    		99.04%
    BPU arrests cell cycle progression in the sub-G1 phase. BPU is an anticancer agent through inhibiting blood vessel formation in tumor tissues.
    BPU
  • HY-120448
    QTX125
    		Activator
    QTX125 is a potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. QTX125 exhibits excellent selectivity over other HDACs. QTX125 has antitumor effects.
    QTX125
  • HY-120448A
    QTX125 TFA
    		Inducer 99.93%
    QTX125 TFA is a potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. QTX125 TFA exhibits excellent selectivity over other HDACs. QTX125 has antitumor effects.
    QTX125 TFA
  • HY-157088
    C105SR
    		99.49%
    C105SR is a cyclophilin D (CypD) inhibitor targeting to peptidyl-prolylcis-trans isomerase (PPIase). C105SR inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition opening (mPTP) with an IC 50 of 5 nM. C105SR inhibits hypoxia and reoxygenation inudced hepatocyte apoptosis and increases the level of calcium retention capacity (CRC). C105SR exhibits hepaprotective effect in ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model.
    C105SR
  • HY-W106456
    3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole
    		Inducer 99.64%
    3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole induces caspase-3 activities and the cellular generation of eactive oxygen species. 3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole
  • HY-B0167S1
    Salicylic acid-13C6
    Salicylic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Salicylic acid (HY-B0167). Salicylic acid is a precursor to and a metabolite of Aspirin (HY-14654), can inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity.
    Salicylic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N5014
    Liensinine perchlorate
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Liensinine Perchlorate is a constituent of?Nelumbo nucifera?Gaertn, with ani-hypertension and anti-cancer activities. Liensinine Perchlorate induces?colorectal cancer (CRC) cell apoptosis.
    Liensinine perchlorate
  • HY-174228
    I3IN-002
    		Inducer
    I3IN-002 is a small-molecule RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of approximately 2 μM in SEM cells. I3IN-002 interferes with interaction with m6 A-modified mRNAs, disrupting the stabilization of target genes (such as CDK6, MYC, and BCL2) to inhibit leukemic cell growth, induce cell cycle arrest, and promote apoptosis. I3IN-002 is promising for research of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    I3IN-002
  • HY-116269
    AZA197
    		Inducer 98.28%
    AZA197 is a selective small molecule inhibitor of Cdc42.AZA197 suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and increases apoptosis by down-regulating the PAK1 and ERK signaling pathways in vitro. AZA197 reduces tumor growth and significantly increases mouse survival in SW620 tumor xenografts.
    AZA197
  • HY-N0303R
    Idebenone (Standard)
    		Activator
    Idebenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Idebenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Idebenone, a well-appreciated mitochondrial protectant, exhibits protective efficacy against neurotoxicity and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease. Idebenone (oxidised form) has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic metabolism of arachidonic acid in astroglial homogenates (IC50=16.65 μM). Idebenone, a coenzyme Q10 analog and an antioxidant, induces apoptotic cell death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells. Idebenone quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier.
    Idebenone (Standard)
  • HY-152156
    Tubulin inhibitor 11
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Tubulin inhibitor 11 is a potent and orally active tubulin inhibitor. Tubulin inhibitor 11 targets the Colchicine binding site on tubulin, inhibits tubulin polymerization, promotes mitotic blockade and apoptosis.
    Tubulin inhibitor 11
  • HY-134928
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E
    		Inducer
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) is a fluorophore that can be isolated from lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis. Photoactivation of Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species. Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E can be used in the study of retinal degenerative diseases.
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E
  • HY-161410
    WH244
    		99.82%
    WH244 is a second generation BCL-2 and BCL-xL dual depressant (PROTAC). The primary activity of WH244 is the specific degradation of BCL-2 and BCL-xL proteins (BCL-xL: DC50=0.6 nM, BCL-2: DC50=7.4 nM). WH244 promotes their ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation by targeting these proteins, thereby restoring the cell's apoptosis pathway. WH244 has good antitumor activity. (Pink: BCL-2/BCL-xL ligand (HY-161415); Blue: E3 ligase ligand (HY-112078); Black: linker).
    WH244
  • HY-N2423
    Sinigrin hydrate
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Sinigrin (Allyl-glucosinolate) hydrate is an orally active glucosinolate found in cruciferous plants. Sinigrin hydrate possesses multiple activities such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of fat synthesis. Sinigrin hydrate can be used in the research of tumors, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.
    Sinigrin hydrate
  • HY-141010A
    Thalidomide-O-PEG4-amine hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-O-PEG4-amine hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-PEG4-amine hydrochloride
  • HY-P5253
    Octapeptide-2
    		Inhibitor 98.84%
    Octapeptide-2 is a biomimetic peptide that mimics the thymosin-β4 growth factor. Octapeptide-2 can promote hair growth, reduce cell apoptosis, and increase the proliferation of keratinocytes. Octapeptide-2 can be used in the research of hair loss and alopecia areata.
    Octapeptide-2
  • HY-B0313R
    Hydroxyurea (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Hydroxyurea (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxyurea. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxyurea is a cell apoptosis inducer that inhibit DNA synthesis through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Hydroxyurea shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.
    Hydroxyurea (Standard)
  • HY-N1214A
    (E/Z)-Squalene
    		Inducer
    (E/Z)-Squalene ((E/Z)-Super Squalene; (E/Z)-AddaVax) is a triterpenic compound. (E/Z)-Squalene accumulates and reduces liver cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver. (E/Z)-Squalen regulates the production of intracellular active oxidants (ROS) and induces apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.
    (E/Z)-Squalene
  • HY-76573
    ML-10
    ML-10 is a small molecule apoptosis probe. Due to the presence of fluorine atoms, ML-10 can be radiolabeled with 18F isotopes and can be used for apoptosis positron emission tomography imaging studies. ML-10 is selectively taken up and accumulated in apoptotic cells, while being excluded from live or necrotic cells. In addition, the uptake of ML-10 is associated with apoptotic features such as caspase activation, Annexin-V binding, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential.
    ML-10
  • HY-W009749AS
    DL-Cystathionine-d4
    		99.20%
    DL-Cystathionine-d4 is the deuterium labeled DL-Cystathionine (HY-W009749A). DL-Cystathionine is a mixture of 4 isomers of cystathionine and allocystathionine. DL-Cystathionine also is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of amino acid cysteine.
    DL-Cystathionine-d<sub>4</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity